Synthesis of Ionic Ultramicroporous Polymers for Selective Separation of Acetylene from Ethylene

The design of highly stable and efficient porous materials is essential for developing breakthrough hydrocarbon separation methods based on physisorption to replace currently used energy-intensive distillation/absorption technologies. Efforts to develop advanced porous materials such as zeolites, coordination frameworks, and organic polymers have met with limited success. Here, a new class of ionic ultramicroporous polymers (IUPs) with high-density inorganic anions and narrowly distributed ultramicroporosity is reported, which are synthesized by a facile free-radical polymerization using branched and amphiphilic ionic compounds as reactive monomers. A covalent and ionic dual-crosslinking strategy is proposed to manipulate the pore structure of amorphous polymers at the ultramicroporous scale. The IUPs exhibit exceptional selectivity (286.1–474.4) for separating acetylene from ethylene along with high thermal and water stability, collaboratively demonstrated by gas adsorption isotherms and experimental breakthrough curves. Modeling studies unveil the specific binding sites for acetylene capture as well as the interconnected ultramicroporosity for size sieving. The porosity-engineering protocol used in this work can also be extended to the design of other ultramicroporous materials for the challenging separation of other key gas constituents.     

建立速度模型的层析成像方法研究

针对目前叠前深度偏移速度模型建立中，全局反演的层析成像方法存在稳定性和走时拾取困难，以及局部反演的偏移速度分析大多存在假设条件过于苛刻等问题，通过分析，提出了利用地震同相辅的多种信息进行层析反演，并在反演中加入富有地质含义的倾角信息以增加反演过程的稳定性和收敛速度，利用类似于叠加速度谱的斜率速度谱来拾取地震同相轴的斜率，抛开了层位反演要求拾取同一同相轴这一实际应用难度很大的条件，使拾取方便，算法稳定。通过理论试算，证明了本方法的有效性。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly （L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone） Copolymers

A series of random and block poly（ L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone ） （ PCLA ） copolymers whh different composition are prepared using stannous octaoate as catalyst.The effects of the amount of initiator on the intrinsic viscosity have been investigated. The structure of the PCLA copolymers is characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance（ NMR ）, Fourier transform infrared spectrum （ FTIR ）, differential scanning calorimetry （ DSC ） and X- ray diffraction （ XRD ） methods. It is shown that the synthesis condition and the composition of copolymers obrious influence on the structure of PCLA copolymers. Hydrolytic degradation of the copolymers in a PBS solution of pH 7.4 at 37.0℃ shows that the copolymers of different composhions degrade at different rates.     

Advances in the research of nitrogen containing stainless steels

The current status of nitrogen containing stainless steels at home and aboard has been introduced. The function and existing forms of nitrogen in the stainless steels, influence of nitrogen on mechanical properties and anti-corrosion properties as well as the application of nitrogen containing cast stainless steels were discussed in this paper. It is clear that nitrogen will be a potential and important alloying element in stainless steels. And Argon Oxygen Decarbonization (AOD) refining can provide an advanced manufacture process for nitrogen containing stainless steels with ultra-low- carbon and high cleanliness.     

Separation of propylene and propane with a microporous metal–organic framework via equilibrium-kinetic synergetic effect

Adsorption separation of olefin and paraffin can greatly lower the energy consumption associated with the currently utilized distillation technique but remains a great challenge. Herein, we report the efficient separation of propylene (C₃H₆) and propane (C₃H₈) in a phosphate anion-functionalized metal–organic framework (MOF) ZnAtzPO₄ by synergetic effect of equilibrium and kinetics. The material features periodically expanded and contracted apertures decorated with electronegative groups, offering eligible pore shape and pore chemistry to effectively trap C₃H₆ under moderate isosteric heat of adsorption (27.5 kJ mol⁻¹) while obstruct the diffusion of C₃H₈. It simultaneously combines excellent thermodynamic selectivity (uptake ratio of 1.71) and kinetic selectivity (~31) for C₃H₆/C₃H₈ separation, meanwhile can be easily regenerated. Breakthrough experiment for C₃H₆/C₃H₈ gas mixture was conducted and confirmed the outstanding separation capability of ZnAtzPO₄. The equilibrium and kinetics cooperative C₃H₆/C₃H₈ adsorption separation was for the first time found in anion-functionalized MOFs, and further confirmed by computational studies.     

Loss-Aversion with Kinked Linear Utility Functions

Prospect theory postulates that the utility function is characterized by a kink (a point of non-differentiability) that distinguishes gains from losses. In this paper we present an algorithm that efficiently solves the linear version of the kinked-utility problem. First, we transform the non-differentiable kinked linear-utility problem into a higher dimensional, differentiable, linear program. Second, we introduce an efficient algorithm that solves the higher dimensional linear program in a smaller dimensional space. Third, we employ a numerical example to show that solving the problem with our algorithm is 15 times faster than solving the higher dimensional linear program using the interior point method of Mosek. Finally, we provide a direct link between the piece-wise linear programming problem and conditional value-at-risk, a downside risk measure.     

沥青混合料的拌和流动特性及和易性指数

为定量评价沥青混合料的拌和流动特性,深化认识混合料强度构成的演变机理,文章利用自行开发的一种变速拌和试验装置,在不同拌和速率（20~50r·min1）和拌和温度（130~180℃）下,对不同沥青种类、不同沥青用量和不同级配类型的沥青混合料进行拌和功率测试,分析拌和流动特性,建立拌和流变模型,定义拌和和易性指数。研究结果表明：拌和试验装置的功率测试误差小于5%,测试数据稳定可靠,可用来表征沥青混合料的拌和功率;拌和温度越高,拌和速率越小,所耗费的拌和功率越少,沥青混合料越容易拌和;沥青混合料的拌和流变模型服从线性的宾汉黏塑性模型,模型直线的斜率表征混合料的拌和黏度,截距反映内在塑限;拌和和易性指数可以定义为模型直线对拌和速率之面积的倒数,从理论上综合考虑黏塑性流动参数;沥青越黏稠,沥青用量越大,集料颗粒越粗,沥青混合料的拌和阻力越大,和易性越差;从强度构成的演变机理来看,集料的组成特性决定内在塑性极限,沥青砂浆的黏性决定黏性强度即牛顿黏性流强度。     

一种新型逆功率保护的方案设计

目前有的110kV终端变电所的低压侧带有小电源,当110kV线路发生永久性故障时无法快速有效隔离故障点.本文提出了在主变高压侧增加逆功率方向保护逻辑,该逻辑增加之后,保护能可靠动作.     

网络化和拼贴:拯救乡土村落生命之顺德马岗案例

在我国快速城市化进程中和新农村建设高潮来临之际,城市边缘村落和中国广袤大地上的众多村落景观,正面临着前所未有的冲击.尽管有为数不多的古老村落被认定为历史文化名村而得到较好的保护,但大量的一般性传统村落则面临毁灭性的冲击.同时,在城市扩张过程中原居民被迁居到全新的社区中.这种对乡土景观和本土居民的忽视,带来众多严重的社会文化和生态问题.马岗正是一个典型案例.本研究提出了城市边缘村落城市化建设的另一个模式.景观规划师将马岗村作为一个具有历史的生命机体.这一有机系统不应该在城市化过程中被彻底铲平,而应该保持其生命的整体性,并融入到新城市规划之中.同时,马岗的乡土文化遗产不应成为城市化过程的障碍,而应该被看作形成新城社区文化归属感和社会认同感的积极因素,为新社区提供社会草根体系,并提供休闲旅游的机会.     

考虑退役动力电池衰减特性的新能源场站群共享储能长期规划配置

为最大化利用退役动力电池的全生命周期价值、解决共享储能在电力系统扩展规划方面需兼顾多方利益的经济性难题,计及逐渐增加的新能源装机容量与负荷需求,提出考虑退役动力电池衰减特性的发电侧共享储能长期规划模型。首先,设计基于退役动力电池的发电侧共享储能运营模式以打破能量共享壁垒,使其既能服务于自身新能源场站又可实现多个新能源场站间的能量互济、必要时还能参与电网的动态调频。其次,考虑退役动力电池衰减特性构建多个新能源场站自配并共享储能的长期规划模型,模型基于合作博弈以应对多方利益诉求冲突给资源优化配置带来的经济性挑战。最后以算例仿真验证所提发电侧共享储能运营模式及长期规划模型的可行性。