Use of cascade reduction potential for selective precipitation of Au,Cu, and Pb in hydrochloric acid solution

Optimization of reduction potential for electroseparation was studied for the recovery of gold, copper, and lead from acidic solution. A linear sweep voltammetric method enabled us to determine characteristic reduction potentials for each metal and the kinetics of the metal deposition indicated by current-voltage curves. In order to precipitate the metal species sequentially, reduction potentials were examined for the individual and mixed solutions of Au(III), Cu(II), and Pb(II). The three metals were reasonably well isolated from the mixed solutions such as Cu(II)/ Pb(II) and Au(III)/Cu(II)/Pb(II) in the order of the corresponding reduction potentials, in particular, the mass transfer controlled reduction potentials, obtained from linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurement.     

SUBSTITUTION OF TOPAZ,DOMESTIC KYANITE,AND SYNTHETIC MULLITE-CORUNDUM FOR INDIA KYANITE,I–III*

This report on the utilization of domestic materials as replacements for India kyanite has been divided into four parts, namely, (I) kyanite and other high-grade refractories, (II) effect of heat on kyanite and topaz, and (III) load resistance of refractories at elevated temperatures; (IV) will be published later.     

Some Notes on Stability Problems of Probabilistic Automata

Abstract

The behavior of a probabilistic automaton is essentially characterized by products of matrices selected from a given finite set of stochastic matrices. It is of interest to know under what conditions these matrix products are stable against perturbations of the entries in the matrices.     

The Capabilities of Some Species of Artificial Organisms

Abstract

A species of artificial organism in which individuals consist of freely interacting elementary components enclosed in an expandible envelope is described. Some organisms of this species are shown to be universal instruction-obeying mechanisms. Several procedures by which such artificial organisms might reproduce are presented and discussed.     

A Note on Maxwell's Demon and Universal Computation

Abstract

An analogy between a Maxwellian Demon capable of regulating the passage of particles between two chambers and a Turing machine capable of manipulating a tape and its symbols, is made explicit. It is shown that a slightly modified Maxwell's Demon can simulate a Universal Turing Machine.     

Design of linear multivariable continuous-time tracking systems incorporating error-actuated controllers

In this paper, the controllability results of Porter and Bradshaw (1974) are applied to the dosign of linear multivariable continuous-time tracking systems incorporating plants with inaccessible states for which appropriate error-actuated controllers exist. The design method is illustrated by the presentation of the results of computer simulation studies     

Shift Register Graphs and Permutation/Reset Automata

Abstract

This note completes the author's study of embedding of cascade products of permutation or reset automata in so-called shift register graphs.     

On the Properties of Fuzzy Switching Functions

Abstract

A strictly binary approach to the treatment of switching circuits today is not always adequate to describe systems in the real world. This approach is partly due, to the relative simplicity of designing binary switching systems, and to the fact that basic switching modules in common use are two-positional. Consequently, every variable in Boolean logic is assumed to be two-valued. However, because of real-world constraints, the attributes of system variables are often ambiguously defined. In other words, quite often variables might have values other than falsehood and truth. Cases with such attributes arise, for example in artifical intelligence and related subjects. Ever since Zadeh introduced the idea of fuzzy set theory [11 by utilizing the concept of membership grade, a number of authors have been concerned with the analysis and applications of fuzzy models. Especially, the relation of fuzzy to switching systems have been discussed in [2]–[12] and by other researchers in relation to other topics.

In this paper we are concerned with the study of fuzzy switching functions and their properties. Special attention is devoted to their minimization, enumeration, and their application to Boolean static hazard detection.     

Automating the factory: theory versus practice

Considerable attention has been given to the problems associated with acquiring and implementing many of the advanced manufacturing technologies currently available to firms. Much of the information being published, however, is based on individual experiences under conditions that are frequently not reported, as is common in the trade journals and public media. Fifteen such generally-accepted ‘postulates’ for managing factory automation are identified here and analysed in terms of five in-depth case studies involving advanced manufacturing systems. In a few cases, the postulates are rejected. In some cases they are qualified, and in many cases they are reinforced with substantially more detail.