Magnetic Acoustic Emission in Ferromagnetic Materials. 3: Effect of Structural Changes on Magnetic Acoustic Emission (Review Article)

This part of the review is devoted to effects of structural changes in multiply alloyed ferromagnetic materials on parameters of magnetoelastic acoustic emission.     

Use of tension springs in the drive of the displacement system of a cryogenic cooler

Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftyanoe Mashinostroenie, No. 5, p. 17, May, 1989.     

Polychlorinated dioxin and dibenzofuran levels in the environment and food from the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia

The paper summarises systematic 5-year monitoring of the environment, drinking water and food for PCDDs and PCDFs levels in industrial centres and in rural areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It also presents selected data on dioxin concentrations in gas emissions of toxic waste incinerators at chemical plants. The paper gives a comparative analysis of PCDDs/PCDFs daily intake by the population of industrial cities for Bashkortostan and for industrial countries of Europe and North America. The results show that PCDDs/PCDFs levels in the environment, drinking water and food in Bashkortostan are approximately equal to those in other industrial countries.     

Magnetoelastic Acoustic Emission in Ferromagnetic Materials. I. Effect of Crystal Anisotropy

The paper considers the relation between the parameters of magnetoelastic acoustic emission (MAE) on one side and the magnitude of longitudinal magnetostriction and the behavior of magnetic domain structure on the other, i.e., effects of irreducible displacements of 90° (71° and 109°) domain walls when the magnetization is aligned with various crystal axes in crystals of siliceous iron and nickel. The MAE parameters are controlled by processes of reshaping of magnetic domains, therefore they are highly susceptible to the crystallographic orientation of the material. In samples of various shapes (strips and disks), a linear relation between the MAE parameters and the resulting magnetostriction in the region of low fields (where domain walls are displaced) was detected, but there is no linear relation in the region of higher fields, where the role of reversible and irreversible processes of magnetization rotation is greater.     

Energy-Efficient Separation of Water–Petroleum Emulsion

Russian Engineering Research - Systems are considered for the dehydration of petroleum so as to separate water–petroleum emulsions. In particular, the low-temperature microwave (UHF)...     

Measuring the carbon content in sintered steels by the magnetoelastic acoustic-emission method

Conclusions In magnetic reversal of sintered steel specimens the parameters of the magnetoelastic acoustic-emission signals occurring depend upon the carbon content and the degree of porosity. The parameter most sensitive to the structural condition of the sintered steels, the total number of pulses measured per unit of time, is nine times more sensitive in relation to variations in carbon content than to changes in porosity within the tolerance limits for the investigated types of steel, which may be used for nondestructive inspection of the structure of sintered steels.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 3(303), pp. 65–69, March, 1988.     

Technical and economic characteristics of small hydro power plants

The cost indices of small hydro power plant capacity and mass are considered by analogy with solar radiation density as a function of water flow energy density. The variations of these indices as the water flow energy changes are determined.