Classification and identification of propionibacteria based on ribosomal RNA genes and PCR

For appropriate patients, who are aware of and accept the risks involved, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy and bilateral reconstruction can provide a good solution to an otherwise difficult problem. Bilateral reconstruction can produce exceptionally good aesthetic results and, because good symmetry is achieved in the initial surgery, it only costs about 5% more than unilateral reconstruction. This article discusses the techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of bilateral reconstruction.     

升压技术在治理有害气体中的应用

矿井为抽出式通风时,综采工作面采用局部升压通风控制有害气体效果明显.本文介绍了升压技术在马脊梁矿治理有害气体中的应用,经济效益显著.     

Sheet Bulk Forming of Thin-Walled Components with External Gearing through Upsetting Using Controllable Deformation Zone Method

正Healthcare mechatronics is a typical multidisciplinary field involving machinery, medicine, computer, and automation, which has been widely applied in respiratory therapy, urology robot, rehabilitation exoskeleton, artificial heart, etc. Existing progresses has some defects in modeling, design and implementation of healthcare mechatronics. erefore, exploring new design theories, key technologies and typical applications is an e ective to promote the rapid development of this field.     

Effect of anodizing on galvanic corrosion behavior of T300 CFRP/5083P-O Al bolted joints

T300 carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and 5083P-O aluminum (5083P-O Al) alloy bolted joints have been used in high-speed trains due to the advantages of light weight and high strength. However, high potential difference between the CFRP and 5083P-O Al will induce galvanic corrosion and result in accelerating corrosion rate of 5083P-O Al, which is a potential risk for its engineering applications. In this work, combination with the electrochemical analysis, surface and cross-section corrosive morphologies analysis, the galvanic corrosion behavior between CFRP/5083P-O Al bolted joints with and without anodizing in 3.5 wt.% NaCl spray was investigated. Results indicated that severe corrosion occurred on unanodized 5083P-O Al in the coupled regions of the CFRP/5083P-O Al bolted joint due to galvanic corrosion. With the content of sulfuric acid increasing, the thickness of each Al₂O₃ layer and atomic oxygen content increases significantly. 5083P-O Al anodized by the 135 g/L H₂SO₄ + 8 g/L H₃BO₃ mixed solution had the favorable Al₂O₃ film, which increased the resistance of 5083P-O Al by roughly three orders of magnitude, effectively improving the corrosion resistance of 5083P-O Al.     

螺栓轴向应力的非线性超声检测技术研究

在工作过程中,螺栓常受到轴向应力的作用,作为最常见的紧固件之一,螺栓的服役质量对于安全生产至关重要。非线性超声技术对材料内部微结构的变化敏感,在检测螺栓轴向应力方面有极大的潜力。根据超声波在各向同性材料内部的传播规律,分析了非线性系数与基波幅值以及高次谐波幅值之间的关系,搭建了非线性超声检测系统。以45钢和304不锈钢材质的螺栓为研究对象,对不同轴向应力下的螺栓进行非线性超声检测,得到非线性系数与螺栓轴向应力之间的关系曲线。结果表明,螺栓的超声非线性系数随轴向应力的增大而单调增加,当轴向应力超过一定值时,非线性系数显著增大,说明非线性系数对应力变化敏感,可以用来表征螺栓的轴向应力。通过对相对非线性系数进行归一化和多项式拟合,得到螺栓轴向应力与归一化相对非线性系数之间的函数关系,然后采用非线性超声和线性体波检测两种方法对电子拉伸试验机施加的螺栓轴向应力进行检测验证试验,200 MPa以上的轴向应力采用非线性超声检测误差在6%以下,明显优于线性超声体波检测,研究结果为服役状况下螺栓的轴向应力检测提供了有效支撑。     

Identification of staphylococci and dominant lactic acid bacteria in spontaneously fermented Swiss meat products using PCR-RFLP

Pathogenic, spoilage, and technologically important microorganisms were monitored in 21 spontaneously fermented Swiss meat products manufactured with meat from wildlife or animals grown in natural habitat. Thereby, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) on rpoB and 16S rRNA gene sequences provided a powerful tool for fast and accurate identification of the main microbial population. Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus curvatus dominated in fermented meat products followed by Staphylococcus species, which constituted 88.2% of all Gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci (GCC⁺) with cell counts varying from 2.6 to 7.0 log cfu/g during maturation. Staphylococcus equorum was prevalent in frequency and cell counts during maturation (18.0%; 5.0-7.3 log cfu/g) and in the end products (28.4%; 1.8-6.2 log cfu/g) implicating a new presumptive starter species for meat fermentation. Nine out of 14 end products indicated safety risks to consumers due to the high incidence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus or Staphylococcus epidermidis combined with cell counts of 7.4 and 4.9 log cfu/g, respectively. This fact was supported by the detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae in ready-to-eat products strongly exceeding the tolerable limit of 2 log cfu/g. Spontaneously fermented meat products produced from wildlife or animals grown in natural habitats not only gave rise to hygienic and safety concerns but also provided new presumptive starter strains.     

Prevalence and comparison of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus in raw and fermented dairy products from East and West Africa

Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (Sii) and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus are members of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) associated with human infections. SBSEC-related endocarditis was furthermore associated with rural residency in Southern Europe. SBSEC members are increasingly isolated as predominant species from fermented dairy products in Europe, Asia and Africa. African variants of Sii displayed dairy adaptations to lactose metabolism paralleling those of Streptococcus thermophilus including genome decay. In this study, the aim was to assess the prevalence of Sii and possibly other SBSEC members in dairy products of East and West Africa in order to identify their habitat, estimate their importance in dairy fermentation processes and determine geographic areas affected by this potential health risk. Presumptive SBSEC members were isolated on semi-selective M17 and SM agar media. Subsequent genotypic identification of isolates was based on rep-PCR fingerprinting and SBSEC-specific16S rRNA gene PCR assay. Detailed identification was achieved through application of novel primers enhancing the binding stringency in partial groES/groEL gene amplification and subsequent DNA sequencing. The presence of S. thermophilus-like lacS and lacZ genes in the SBSEC isolates was determined to elucidate the prevalence of this dairy adaptation. Isolates (n = 754) were obtained from 72 raw and 95 fermented milk samples from Côte d'Ivoire and Kenya on semi-selective agar media. Colonies of Sii were not detected from raw milk despite high microbial titers of approximately 10⁶ CFU/mL on M17 agar medium. However, after spontaneous milk fermentation Sii was genotypically identified in 94.1% of Kenyan samples and 60.8% of Kenyan isolates. Sii prevalence in Côte d'Ivoire displayed seasonal variations in samples from 32.3% (June) to 40.0% (Dec/Jan) and isolates from 20.5% (June) to 27.7% (Dec/Jan) present at titers of 10⁶–10⁸ CFU/mL. lacS and lacZ genes were detected in all Kenyan and 25.8% (June) to 65.4% (Dec/Jan) of Ivorian Sii isolates. Regional differences in prevalence of Sii and dairy adaptations were observed, but no clear effect of dairy animal, fermentation procedure and climate was revealed. Conclusively, the high prevalence of Sii in Kenya, Côte d'Ivoire in addition to Somalia, Sudan and Mali strongly indicates a pivotal role of Sii in traditional African dairy fermentations potentially paralleling that of typical western dairy species S. thermophilus. Putative health risks associated with the consumption of high amounts of live Sii and potential different degrees of evolutionary adaptation or ecological colonization require further epidemiologic and genomic investigations, particularly in Africa.     

LTE-A空口监测仪下行基带板的可行性分析

针对国内研制出的多类仪器仪表中基带板的设计仅限于通过实现来验证其可行性的问题,提出在基带板设计之前对可行性进行分析,防止在实现时芯片资源不足而导致人力和时间等资源的浪费,同时为增强型长期演进空口监测仪中基带板的设计提供参考。根据增强型长期演进特性以及监测仪需求确定核心处理器的选型;重点对基带板上存储器的存储能力和总线能力进行分析,确保所选的元器件有足够的能力并留有一定的余量;最终通过在基带板上的测试证明该可行性分析的正确性,也为其他的硬件芯片选型提供参考。