Coordinate descent with arbitrary sampling I: algorithms and complexity†

We study the problem of minimizing the sum of a smooth convex function and a convex block-separable regularizer and propose a new randomized coordinate descent method, which we call ALPHA. Our method at every iteration updates a random subset of coordinates, following an arbitrary distribution. No coordinate descent methods capable to handle an arbitrary sampling have been studied in the literature before for this problem. ALPHA is a very flexible algorithm: in special cases, it reduces to deterministic and randomized methods such as gradient descent, coordinate descent, parallel coordinate descent and distributed coordinate descent—both in nonaccelerated and accelerated variants. The variants with arbitrary (or importance) sampling are new. We provide a complexity analysis of ALPHA, from which we deduce as a direct corollary complexity bounds for its many variants, all matching or improving best known bounds.     

Processing of the Borna disease virus glycoprotein gp94 by the subtilisin-like endoprotease furin

Open reading frame IV (ORF-IV) of Borna disease virus (BDV) encodes a protein with a calculated molecular mass of ca. 57 kDa (p57), which increases after N glycosylation to 94 kDa (gp94). The unglycosylated and glycosylated proteins are proteolytically cleaved by the subtilisin-like protease furin. Furin most likely recognizes one of three potential cleavage sites, namely, an arginine at position 249 of the ORF-IV gene product. The furin inhibitor decRVKRcmk decreases the production of infectious BDV significantly, indicating that proteolytic cleavage of the gp94 precursor molecule is necessary for the full biological activity of the BDV glycoprotein.     

正确的切入方法对耐热超级合金的成功车削来说至关重要

要想以相对较高的生产效率来加工耐热超级合金，必须充分仔细地准备相应的加工策略。由于加工此类材料的零件时至少50％以上的工序为车削，因此其基本原则应立足于采用合适的切削刃切入方法。     

Comparative studies of a real-time PCR method and three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of central nervous system tissues in meat products

The removal of certain central nervous system (CNS) tissues (part of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy risk material) from the food chain is one of the highest priority tasks associated with avoiding contamination of the human food chain with the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. A recently developed real-time PCR assay and three commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of CNS tissues in minced meat and three types of heat-treated sausages were evaluated. Bovine brain was used for spiking of internal reference material, and its detectability was examined during storage times of 12 months (for frozen minced meat and liver sausage) and 24 months (for sausages treated with medium and high heat). The real-time PCR method and both ELISA kits detected 0.1% CNS tissue in frozen minced meat and 0.1 or 1% CNS tissue in heat-treated meat products. The detectability of the amplified mRNA target region with the PCR assay was similar to the detectability of antigen by the ELISAs. Because the real-time PCR method also can be used to distinguish cattle, ovine, and caprine CNS tissues from porcine CNS tissues, it seems to be suitable as a routine diagnostic test for the sensitive and specific detection of CNS tissues in meat and meat products.     

On the complexity of parallel coordinate descent

In this work we study the parallel coordinate descent method (PCDM) proposed by Richtárik and Taká? [Parallel coordinate descent methods for big data optimization, Math. Program. Ser. A (2015), pp. 1–52] for minimizing a regularized convex function. We adopt elements from the work of Lu and Xiao [On the complexity analysis of randomized block-coordinate descent methods, Math. Program. Ser. A 152(1–2) (2015), pp. 615–642], and combine them with several new insights, to obtain sharper iteration complexity results for PCDM than those presented in [Richtárik and Taká?, Parallel coordinate descent methods for big data optimization, Math. Program. Ser. A (2015), pp. 1–52]. Moreover, we show that PCDM is monotonic in expectation, which was not confirmed in [Richtárik and Taká?, Parallel coordinate descent methods for big data optimization, Math. Program. Ser. A (2015), pp. 1–52], and we also derive the first high probability iteration complexity result where the initial levelset is unbounded.     

从粗加工到精加工的铸铁铣削

铸铁铣削是发动机和壳体类零件制造的重要部分。在发动机制造中,正确的几何形状、良好的表面粗糙度以及全面质量保证中的零废品,都是绝对重要的目标。然而面对日益增加的成本压力,它们都黯然失色。为了满足以上所有要求,我们需要可靠高效的刀具和解决方案,例如缸体和缸盖各平面的粗铣和精铣。     

Ergot alkaloids in cereal products: results from the Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority

The danger of ergot alkaloids has been well known for centuries. The origin and toxicology of these compounds have been clarified and flour mills assure us that they have mastered the problem technologically. Nevertheless, one can find food products with sometimes relatively high contents of these toxic alkaloids. Here we report on our experiences and results of an LC-MS/MS-method which we have developed to determine ergot alkaloids and which was applied to commercial products during the past two years.     

正确的切入方法对耐热超级合金的成功车削至关重要

要想以相对较高的生产效率来加工耐热超级合金,必须充分准备相应的加工策略。由于加工此类材料的零件时至少50%以上的工序为车削,因此其基本原则应立足于采用合适的切削刃切入方法。     

永不妥协：让声音说明一切

挑战：用新的铣刀概念提升面铣水平,提供多种不同型号满足具体需求。 解决方案：一种独特新颖的多个切削刃面铣刀——堪称高新切削刀具技术。     

可转位刀片刀具的性能改进

挑战：为立铣加工提供整体硬质合金刀具和可转位刀片刀具的双重优势。