Control of locomotion in the marine mollusc Clione limacina. XI. Effects of serotonin

The locomotor activity in the marine mollusc Clione limacina has been found to be strongly excited by serotonergic mechanisms. In the present study putative serotonergic cerebropedal neurons were recorded simultaneously with pedal locomotor motoneurons and interneurons. Stimulation of serotonergic neurons produced acceleration of the locomotor rhythm and strengthening of motoneuron discharges. These effects were accompanied by depolarization of motoneurons, while depolarization of the generator interneurons was considerably lower (if it occurred at all). Effects of serotonin application on isolated locomotor and non-locomotor pedal neurons were studied. Serotonin (5 x 10(-7) to 1 x 10(-6) M) affected most pedal neurons. All locomotor neurons were excited by serotonin. This suggests that serotonergic command neurons exert direct influence on locomotor neurons. Effects of serotonin on nonlocomotor neurons were diverse, most neurons being inhibited by serotonin. Some effects of serotonin on locomotor neurons could not be reproduced by neuron depolarization. This suggests that, along with depolarization, serotonin modulates voltage-sensitive membrane properties of the neurons. As a result, serotonin promotes the endogenous rhythmical activity in neurons of the C. limacina locomotor central pattern generator.     

Effects of acetylcholine and glutamate on isolated neurons of locomotory network of Clione

In Clione limacina, locomotory rhythm is produced in the central pattern generator by reciprocal activity of two groups of interneurons. Dorsal (D) and ventral (V) phase interneurons activate neurons of the same phase and inhibit neurons of the opposite phase. Which neurotransmitters are used by these interneurons is not clear. In this study, identified follower neurons to V and D interneurons were isolated, and their responses to the local application of potential neurotransmitters were examined. Acetylcholine exerted inhibitory action on the isolated D-phase neurons and excitatory action on V-phase neurons. Glutamate produced excitation in D-phase neurons, and inhibition in V-phase neurons. These results suggest that acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter of D-phase interneurons, while glutamate might be the neurotransmitter of V-phase interneurons.     

新型不对称结构荧光增白剂的合成及其性能

用4-硝基-4′-氨基二苯乙烯-2,2′-二磺酸替代4,4′-二氨基二苯乙烯-2,2′-二磺酸,与三聚氯氰和氨基化合物经过四步缩合得到2个新型不对称结构和用作参比的3个传统对称结构荧光分子。对比研究这两类增白剂在水溶液中的紫外吸收、荧光发射、光致异构化现象及其应用性能。结果显示不对称结构增白剂紫外吸收和染色性能提高,但其荧光发射性能下降,且同样存在较为明显的光致异构化现象,耐光性也较差。     

新型胶原基人工皮肤模型的建立

根据皮肤的组织结构与生理功能,研制了复合天然三维网络结构胶原组织工程支架材料,并以此为支架材料建立了3层结构的人工皮肤模型:上层是具有良好生物相容性且可降解的聚合物涂层,可以屏蔽细菌并保持人工皮肤良好的透水气性;中间是复合型天然三维网络结构胶原纤维支架材料层,为细胞的增殖提供三维空间和良好的生长环境,起到真皮基质的作用;下层是药物层,具有营养、抗菌消炎、刺激细胞生长的作用。     

基于重力坝三维设计的CAD动态交互系统开发

为了在可研阶段合理、快速地制定重力坝设计方案,减少设计周期和成本,采用极限状态设计的方法,利用VB 6.0可视化编程工具开发出了一套能够与CAD动态交互的重力坝三维设计系统。该系统通过对Auto-CAD的二次开发实现了重力坝的三维参数化建模,并对所建三维模型进行结构计算,将设计与计算紧密结合,通过动态交互简化了大量复杂数据的计算,达到精确、快速完成断面设计的目的。经实践检验证明,该系统大大提高了断面设计效率,实用性强,对可研阶段的方案比选具有重大意义。     

高温烟气焙烧铝电解预焙槽的工业应用

针对目前国内外铝电解槽焙烧启动方法的特点，提出用燃料燃烧产生的高温烟气来焙烧启动预焙阳极铝电解槽。并在160kA系列和75kA系列预焙槽上进行了工业试验，结果表明烟气焙烧技术易于实现电解槽焙烧操作的自动化，使阴极温度缓慢均匀上升，阴极表面温度均匀，不但能方便地按要求焙烧好阴极炉底．而且能使侧部札糊取得很好的焙烧效果，氧化烧损少．是较理想的铝电解槽焙烧启动方法。     

基于人体手指静脉特征提取算法的研究

根据人体手指静脉图像的特点,提出了一种基于降维思想的手指静脉特征提取方法,即搜索二维灰度图像中的静脉在一维灰度曲线上形成的谷形区域来实现静脉特征的提取.为了对手指静脉特征的充分提取,在进行特征提取前,采用了高频强调滤波对图像进行增强处理.实验结果表明,该方法思想独特,简单易行,对手指静脉的特征提取达到满意的效果.     

B样条函数的图像分割分水岭算法研究

针对传统分水岭算法存在的过分割和对噪声敏感问题,提出了一种能够很好地抑制噪声,剔除图像的伪边缘、准确定位图像边缘信息的方法.采用高频强调滤波对梯度图像进行增强,利用B样条函数对增强后的图像进行多次拟合,最后对拟合的曲面进行分水岭分割.实验结果表明,通过该方法处理的梯度图像再进行分水岭变换,有效避免了过分割问题,同时准确定位了图像边缘信息,提高了分割精度.