Minimization of switching activities of partial products for designing low-power multipliers

This work presents low-power 2's complement multipliers by minimizing the switching activities of partial products using the radix-4 Booth algorithm. Before computation for two input data, the one with a smaller effective dynamic range is processed to generate Booth codes, thereby increasing the probability that the partial products become zero. By employing the dynamic-range determination unit to control input data paths, the multiplier with a column-based adder tree of compressors or counters is designed. To further reduce power consumption, the two multipliers based on row-based and hybrid-based adder trees are realized with operations on effective dynamic ranges of input data. Functional blocks of these two multipliers can preserve their previous input states for noneffective dynamic data ranges and thus, reduce the number of their switching operations. To illustrate the proposed multipliers exhibiting low-power dissipation, the theoretical analyzes of switching activities of partial products are derived. The proposed 16 /spl times/ 16-bit multiplier with the column-based adder tree conserves more than 31.2%, 19.1%, and 33.0% of power consumed by the conventional multiplier, in applications of the ADPCM audio, G.723.1 speech, and wavelet-based image coders, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed multipliers with row-based, hybrid-based adder trees reduce power consumption by over 35.3%, 25.3% and 39.6%, and 33.4%, 24.9% and 36.9%, respectively. When considering product factors of hardware areas, critical delays and power consumption, the proposed multipliers can outperform the conventional multipliers. Consequently, the multipliers proposed herein can be broadly used in various media processing to yield low-power consumption at limited hardware cost or little slowing of speed.     

Thermally reversible cross-linked polyamides and thermo-responsive gels by means of Diels-Alder reaction

Cross-linked polyamides and polyamide gels were prepared from maleimide-containing polyamides and a tri-functional furan compound and showed thermal reversibility in cross-linking behavior and in gel formation through Diels-Alder (DA) and retro-DA reactions. The rate constant k of the DA cross-linking reaction were 1.25-4.83×10⁻⁵ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ in the temperature range of 20-60 °C with an activation energy of 32.1 kJ mol⁻¹. The cross-linking densities, thermal properties, and thermal reversibility of the polyamides/furan polymers were adjustable with the contents of maleimide groups in polyamides.     

密码协议的一种安全模型

将密码协议与密码算法视为一个系统,建立了密码协议系统的一种安全模型.基于假设/保证的组合推理技术提出了新的假设/保证推理规则和假设/保证推理算法,证明了该规则的完备性,实现了密码协议系统的模型检查,并重点解决了系统分解问题、假设函数的设定问题、进程+逻辑的系统特性描述问题等难题.以kerberos密码协议系统为例,利用该安全模型和假设/保证推理技术对密码协议系统进行了安全验证.     

棉秆拉拔力影响因素的分析及试验

棉秆拉拔力是设计棉花拔秆机的一个重要指标参数,而棉秆拉拔力的测定将受到其它因素的影响,为了探讨拔秆位移、棉秆直径、土壤含水率、土壤紧实度、起拔角度等因素对棉秆拉拔力的影响,笔者设计了棉秆拉拔力的测定试验方案并进行了棉秆拉拔力的测定试验。试验结果表明:棉秆直径与起拔力呈正相关回归关系,相关系数为0.861。土壤含水率越高,起拔力越小;土壤紧实度越大,起拔力越大。起拔角度对起拔力具有一定的影响,拉拔力与水平呈30°~45°时,起拔力较小。     

TRPV1 Responses in the Cerebellum Lobules VI,VII, VIII Using Electroacupuncture Treatment for Chronic Pain and Depression Comorbidity in a Murine Model

Depression is a prominent complex psychiatric disorder, usually complicated through expression of comorbid conditions, with chronic pain being among the most prevalent. This comorbidity is consistently associated with a poor prognosis and has been shown to negatively impact patient outcomes. With a global rise in this condition presenting itself, the importance of discovering long-term, effective, and affordable treatments is crucial. Electroacupuncture has demonstrated renowned success in its use for the treatment of pain and is a widely recognized therapy in clinical practice for the treatment of various psychosomatic disorders, most notably depression. Our study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Acid-Saline (AS) inducing states of chronic pain and depression comorbidity in the cerebellum, using the ST36 acupoint as the therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, the role of TRPV1 was relatedly explored through the use of TRPV1^−/− mice (KO). The results indicated significant differences in the four behavioral tests used to characterize pain and depression states in mice. The AS and AS + SHAM group showed significant differences when compared to the Control and AS + EA groups in the von Frey and Hargreaves’s tests, as well as the Open-Field and Forced Swimming tests. This evidence was further substantiated in the protein levels observed in immunoblotting, with significant differences between the AS and AS + SHAM groups when compared to the AS + EA and AS + KO groups being identified. In addition, immunofluorescence visibly served to corroborate the quantitative outcomes. Conclusively these findings suggest that AS-induced chronic pain and depression comorbidity elicits changes in the cerebellum lobules VI, VII, VIII, which are ameliorated through the use of EA at ST36 via its action on TRPV1 and related molecular pathways. The action of TRPV1 is not singular in CPDC, which would suggest other potential targets such as acid-sensing ion channel subtype 3 (ASIC3) or voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) that could be explored in future studies.     

Novel combined shield design for eye and face protection from COVID-19

The World Health Organization emphasized the importance of goggles and face shields for protection of medical personnel at the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic...     

1H NMR代谢指纹图谱结合化学计量学快速检测蛹虫草掺假

目的：采用氢核磁共振(1H nuclear magnetic resonance,1H NMR)结合正交偏最小二乘法(Orthogonal partial least squares,OPLS)建立对蛹虫草中金针菇、杏鲍菇和香菇掺假的快速鉴别方法。方法：主成分分析得分图显示,不同类型的掺假样品并不能完全分离。采用两步法进一步提高模型的鉴别能力,首先对纯蛹虫草和掺假蛹虫草进行OPLS-DA分析,模型显示真假蛹虫草分类良好,两类样品存在明显区别。然后对所有20% (w/w)掺假蛹虫草进行了O2PLS-DA模型分析,通过分别由28个和12个样本组成的训练和测试集来检查鉴别能力的准确性。结果：模型整体拟合优度为R2X = 75.2%, R2Y = 92.3%,整体交叉验证系数Q2 = 89.7%,掺假物金针菇、杏鲍菇和香菇能够被准确辨别。结论：1H NMR代谢指纹图谱结合化学计量学,对于真伪蛹虫草及掺假类型能够有效鉴别,可用于大批量商业筛选。     

阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质研制

目的采用冷冻干燥技术制备均匀性和稳定性符合要求的阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质,用于实验室内部质量控制。方法对使用菌株阪崎克罗诺杆菌(45403)的生化特征、16SrRNA序列、质谱特征进行确认。采用冷冻干燥技术制备含量为103 CFU/样品的菌球。参照CNAS-GL29《标准物质/标准样品定值的一般原则和统计方法》,对20件样品进行均匀性检验,采用单因素方差分析对结果进行统计分析。将样品分别于-20、2、37℃条件下保藏,对其储藏稳定性和运输稳定性进行评价。组织5家实验室进行协同标定。使用20件婴儿配方乳粉作为基质对阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质的使用效果进行确认。结果阪崎克罗诺杆菌(45403)生化鉴定结果、16SrRNA序列的NCBIGenebank比对结果、质谱鉴定结果均为阪崎克罗诺杆菌(Cronobacter sakazakii)。采用单因素方差分析进行均匀性检验, F=1.067, P=0.442,符合标准物质的要求。于-20℃保藏170 d,于25、37℃保藏14d后,样品仍然稳定。经5家实验室协同标定,样品含量均为103 CFU/样品。20件婴儿配方乳粉作为基质加入阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质进行检验,均可以检出。结论阪崎克罗诺杆菌(CMCC45403)的生化特征、16SrRNA序列分析、蛋白飞行质谱特征均符合克罗诺杆菌属的典型特征。均匀性、储藏稳定性、运输稳定性及适用性的验证实验结果均符合标准物质的要求。     

食品检验用解脂耶氏酵母菌标准物质制备研究

目的 为满足实验室酵母菌日常检验质量控制需求及实验室间比对,制备解脂耶氏酵母菌检验用标准物质。方法 通过生化、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱及ITS位点测序对研究用菌株进行菌种鉴定确认后,刮取适宜菌苔于保护剂中混匀后冻干,制备10_⁴ CFU/样品浓度的标准物质。参照CNAS-GL003等标准要求进行均匀性检验后,采用单因素方差分析对结果进行评价。将样品放于25 ℃和37 ℃及-20 ℃、4 ℃条件下,分别进行运输稳定性检验及储存稳定性检验。依据国家标准GB 4789.15,将研制的本标准物质加入7类食品基质共20件样品中进行检验,验证真实食品样品中适用性。组织3家实验室,对本标准物质进行协作标定。结果CMCC98025经生化鉴定为解脂耶氏酵母菌,准确度为93%;MALDI-TOF MS鉴定结果为解脂耶氏酵母,分数为2.012;ITS位点测序结果与NCBI Genbank中已有序列比对,匹配最优结果为解脂耶氏酵母Yarrowia lipolytica(Accession number ：CP061015.1;Query Cover：95%;Ident：100%)。均匀性测试结果符合正态分布,通过单因子方差分析计算F_0.05(19,20)=2.137,F值为1.697,F＜F_0.05,符合均匀性要求。25 ℃及37 ℃培养箱中放置7天,标准物质中菌含量仍保持在10_⁴ CFU/样品,可保持稳定。标准物质于4 ℃储存28天及-20 ℃储存90天,菌含量为10_⁴ CFU/样品,复苏率均在91%以上,说明4 ℃放置较短时间及-20 ℃放置较长时间样品稳定。7类食品样品基质中加入本标准物质后进行检验,均可检出,回收率为81.3%。经三家实验室协作标定,本标准物质平均浓度为2.0～3.0×10_⁴ CFU/样品。结论 本研究制备的解脂耶氏酵母菌标准物质均匀性、稳定性、真实食品样品中应用验证及协作标定结果均符合要求,可应用于食品中解脂耶氏酵母菌定性检验,今后可作为实验室日常检验工作的阳性对照质控样品,也可作为实验室间比对样品发放,以保障日常检验工作结果可靠性,进一步提升检验机构人员的检验水平。     

乙腈沉淀-离子色谱法测定婴幼儿米粉中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐

目的 建立一种婴幼儿米粉中硝酸盐和亚硝酸的乙腈沉淀-离子色谱分离检测方法。方法 样品经乙腈/水(体积比5/5)溶液沉淀蛋白后, 在提取温度35℃,超声提取30 min的条件下, 过0.22 μm滤膜净化。采用KOH水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 离子色谱检测硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐。结果 本实验比较了乙腈沉淀、亚铁氰化钾-乙酸锌沉淀法和淀粉酶酶解法对婴幼儿米粉中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐分离的影响, 结果显示, 乙腈沉淀法比较适合婴幼儿米粉中硝酸盐和亚硝酸的提取净化。实验还优化了提取试剂乙腈/水(体积比)的比例、提取时间和提取温度对硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的影响。在提取试剂乙腈/水(体积比)为5/5, 提取温度35℃, 提取时间30 min条件下, 米粉中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的提取效果最好, 回收率均在90~110%之间。结论 该方法操作简便、提取速度快、检出限低,适用于婴幼儿米粉中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的检测。