In-Situ observation on microfracture behavior ahead of the crack tip in 63Sn37Pb solder alloy

in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tensile tests on as-cast and aged 63Sn37Pb solder alloys were conducted, and the fracture behavior in nanometer scale ahead of the crack tip was inspected and discussed. Results show that the fracture was completed by connecting the discontinuous cracks or voids. Dislocation behavior was concentrated along the grain boundaries for as-cast samples, and displayed mainly as dislocation climb. The crack was intergranular dominated under the lower strain rate. While remarkable mutual dislocation emission was detected in the aged solder. Transgranular cracks were dominant in the fractured area, and they propagated by linking up with the nanometer scale cracks ahead of the crack tips under the effective promotion of the inverse dislocation emission. At the same time, the partial interphase or intergranular cracks in the thinned area were also found. Under this condition, a new critical stress intensity factor K _c ^′ to define the mutual dislocation emission was proposed.     

激光光束质量因子M~2的物理概念与测试方法

激光光束传输质量因子Ｍ２是一种全新的描述激光光束质量的参数，它能定量表征单模、多模光束传播特性。本文介绍Ｍ２的物理概念、特点、测试方法及近年来国外的研究概况。     

Adjusting Pt Nanoparticle Size on SBA-15 by a Sol-Immobilisation Method Towards Naphthalene Hydrogenation

Regularly dispersed Pt particles on SBA-15 supported catalysts were synthesized with a Pt loading of 5 wt% by a sol-immobilisation method, wherein various Pt particle sizes within 1–5 nm were finely controlled via the adjustment of the addition amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). A high PVA/Pt ratio of the initial solution tended to generate small Pt particles on the SBA-15 support due to intense protection against Pt particle aggregation. In addition, the effect of Pt particle size on naphthalene hydrogenation was investigated in terms of catalytic performance. Compared with the performance of other catalysts with Pt particle sizes greater or less than 3.5 nm, Pt nanoparticles with sizes centered at 3.5 nm exhibited excellent catalytic performance towards decalin. This excellent catalytic performance was mainly attributed to a suitable ratio of the edge sites to flat sites on these Pt nanoparticles, benefitting the rapid adsorption of naphthalene and dissociation of hydrogen.

Graphical Abstract

The Pt/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared by sol-immobilisation method. The highest performance was attributed to the Pt-nanoparticles with suitable flat/edge sites ratio.

     

少齿差行星齿轮传动轮齿载荷研究

在少齿差行星齿轮传动中,轮齿的弹性变形可能导致多对齿同时接触共同承载,啮合情况复杂,故建立数学模型对其啮合情况进行分析,并通过有限元仿真对同时啮合齿对数、载荷分配情况、相对误差等方面进行相应的分析,验证了模型的正确性.计算结果表明,处于啮合线上的齿对仅承担了部分载荷,故对齿根弯曲应力计算公式亦进行了适当修正.     

RE对细晶铝锭细化效果的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析等方法研究分析了不同RE添加量对细晶铝锭细化效果的影响。试验结果表明，混合RE对细晶铝锭有明显的晶粒细化作用。随着RE含量的增加，晶粒平均直径减小。当RE的质量分数达到0．30％时，可得到最好的晶粒细化效果；当RE的质量分数超过0．30％后，细化效果开始下降。并分析了添加RE后细晶铝锭细化晶粒作用的机理。     

Characteristics of Fe/AlPO4-5 catalyst prepared with organic solution

The Fe/AlPO₄-5 catalysts are prepared by impregnation with aqueous and organic solution (acetic acid, alcohol and acetone) of iron(III) nitrite respectively. The characterization of catalyst by means of XPS, Mössbauer spectroscopy, TPR and CO hydrogenation is reported. The catalyst prepared with the aqueous solution has no activity for CO hydrogenation because the Fe(III) in the catalyst cannot be reduced to -Fe. However, the catalysts prepared with organic solution possess obvious hydrogenation activity, in which -Fe is present in the initial reduced catalyst besides Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺. The results may be explained by the interaction degrees between the metal and the support induced by the different impregnation solvents.     

Grafted MXenes Based Electrolytes for 5V-Class Solid-State Batteries

Polymer blends based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), combining the advantages of multiple polymers, are promising for the utilization of 5 V-class cathodes (e.g., LiCoMnO₄ (LCMO)) with enhanced safety. However, severe macro-phase separation with defects and voids in polymer blends restrict the electrochemical stability and ionic migration of SPEs. Herein, inorganic compatibilizer polyacrylonitrile grafted MXene (MXene-g-PAN) is exploited to improve the miscibility of the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVHF)/PAN blends and suppress the consolidation of phase particles. The resulting SPE exhibits a high anodic stability with an ionic conductivity of 2.17 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹, enabling a stable and reversible Li platting/stripping (over 2500 h). The fabricated solid Li‖LCMO cell delivers a 5.1 V discharge voltage with a decent capacity (131 mAh g⁻¹) and cycling performance. Subsequently, the solid all-in-one graphite‖LCMO battery is also constructed to extend the application of MXene based SPEs in flexible batteries. Benefiting from the interface-less design, outstanding mechanical flexibility and stability is achieved in the battery, which can endure various deformations with a low-capacity loss (< ≈10%). This study signifies a significant development on solid flexible lithium ion batteries with enhanced performance, stability, and reliability by investigating the miscibility of polymer blends, benefiting for the design of high-performance SPEs.     

特高压直流输电线路直升机吊索法带电作业技术研究

针对特高压直流输电线路因塔型大、导线数量多等问题造成的带电作业难题,通过进行塔位参数、设备特点分析和安全距离验算,提出一种直升机“吊索法”等电位带电作业方法,并首次应用于高海拔地区±1 100 kV特高压直流吉泉线3 383号带电消缺工作中。结果表明,直升机吊索法带电作业技术有效保障作业人员人身安全,减轻劳动强度,降低运检成本,实现传统带电作业向智能、高效带电作业模式的转变。     

Just-in-time defect prediction for software hunks

Just-in-time defect prediction can remind software developers and managers to verify and fix bugs at the moment they appeared, thus improving the effectiveness and validity of bug fixing. Existing studies mainly focus on just-in-time prediction for software files (JIT-F). JIT-F is a binary classification problem, which classifies (hence predicts) a file change as buggy or clean. This article provides a detailed analysis of just-in-time defect prediction for software hunks (JIT-H), which predicts bugs at a finer level of granularity, and hence further improves the efficiency of bug fixing. Classification is performed using the ensemble technique of bagging—aggregated combinations of random under sampling plus multiple classifiers (J48 and Random Forest). An empirical study with 10 open source projects was conducted to validate the effectiveness of JIT-H. Experimental results show that JIT-H is effective at predicting defects in software hunk changes. Compared with JIT-F, JIT-H is more cost effective. Additionally, analysis on the change features indicates that Text Vector features and hunk change level features are of more importance than features in other groups and levels.     

分离式长电偶极子稀疏阵列的相干信号多维参数联合估计

由长电偶极子或大磁环组成的大尺寸电磁矢量传感器(ElectroMagnetic Vector Sensor,EMVS)比小尺寸EMVS辐射效率更高,研究其参数估计算法有助于推动EMVS的实装化应用.该文针对分离式长电偶极子稀疏阵列相干目标参数估计问题,提出高精度无模糊的多维参数闭式解算法.首先利用空域旋转不变性和单个矢量传感器内部属性得到方向余弦的高精度周期性模糊估计值,然后借助单个矢量传感器导向矢量推导出2维波达方向粗估计值,最后通过解模糊得到高精度无模糊的多维参数估计值.该方法规避了传统极化平滑算法的极化信息损失和迭代搜索过程,且能实现参数自动配对.计算机仿真结果表明了所提算法在分离式长电偶极子线阵中解相干的有效性.