红牛阿姆斯特丹新总部

项目地点:荷兰,阿姆斯特丹项目时间:2009年-2011年建筑面积:9,420平方英尺摄影:Ewout Huibers Location:Nederland,Amsterdam Project Date:2009-2011Total Surface:9,420sq.ft.Photos:Ewout Huibers     

A study of aboutness in information retrieval

This paper addresses the notion of aboutness in information retrieval. First, an exposition is given on how aboutness relates to relevance—a fundamental notion in information retrieval. A short summary is given on how aboutness is defined in more prominent information retrieval models. A model-theoretic definition of aboutness is then analyzed in an abstract setting using so called information fields. These allows properties of aboutness to be expressed independent of any given information retrieval model. As a consequence, information retrieval models can be theoretically compared according to what aboutness postulates they support. The Boolean and Coordinate retrieval models are compared in this fashion. In addition to model-theoretic aboutness, preferential entailment and conditional probabilities are employed to define aboutness between primitive information carriers. The preferential entailment approach is based on a preference semantics derived from nonmonotonic logics. The nonmonotonic behaviour of aboutness under information composition is highlighted. Rules describing how aboutness may be preserved under composition are proposed. Finally, a term aboutness definition drawn from a network-based probabilistic framework is analyzed. Conclusions regarding the implied retrieval effectiveness are drawn.     

Biofuels for transport in Europe: Lessons from Germany and the UK

The utilisation of biofuels is attracting growing support from the European Union and member states as a strategy to tackle climate change, enhance energy security, and contribute to regional development. This paper describes, compares, and analyses the markets for biofuels in Germany and the UK. The introduction of biofuels for transport in these member states provides contrasting pictures, and the success or failure of biofuels here is pertinent to the development and diffusion of biofuels across Europe. This paper concentrates on the socio-political context for the biofuels industry in Germany and the UK, discusses the lessons learned from the German and British experiences, and presents general conclusions for policy-makers that are predominantly relevant for the early stages of a biofuels industry.     

Castell D’emporda酒店

项目地点:西班牙赫罗纳开放时间:2011年6月项目面积:250平方米设计公司:Concrete建筑事务所设计团队:Erikjan Vermeulen,Rob Wagemans,Cindy Wouters,Melanie Knuewer摄影:Ewout Huibers     

大信号网络分析--用于表征非线性器件和系统的测量概念

现在，有效地运用工作者在非线性区域的器件已变得日益重要。这要归因于现代（便携式）通信系统中复杂调制方案的应用以及公众对低成本、高效率的要求。目前，表征器件或系统的大信号（非线性）特性存在着不同的测量方法。然而，这些测量方法一般都建立在信号分析的基础上，它侧重关注信号的特征，但并不关心被测器件（网络）。因此，安秉伦科技有限公司工发了一种大信号网络分析仪（LSNA），它是真正的网络分析仪而不是信号分析仪。本文将讨论大信号网络分析仪的基本概念及其应用。大信号网络分析仪能在时域和领域中测量在周期激励或周期调制激励下，任何二端口被测件的两个端口出现的入射和散射电压行洗染波（或电压和电流）。在给定激励下，这类信号代表了被 器件的完整特性。它呆以用来检验、改进甚至生成物理级、电路级或系统级的器件模型，这是用目前采用的测量方法所无法实现的。用户可以在以下几个方面从大信号网络分析仪的测量中受益：减小设计的反复次数（更好的器件模型）、降低制造成本（更优化的设计）、最高的产品效率（例如，功能增加效率（PAE）与谐波失真和增益的关系）、提高片上系统的集成度或规范竞争秩序。大信号网络分析仪测量为非线性网络的大信号表征和模拟提供了新的前景，这与20世纪50年代为线性网络引入S参数以及继后于70年代引入相关测量方法十分相似。     

Plastic dilution refrigerators

A new design for conventional,³He re-circulating, dilution refrigerators has been developed and tested. The units are made out of plastic and can be designed to have very small diameters (<15mm). These characteristics make them ideal to cool samples below 100 mK in high or time-varying magnetic fields. Furthermore, they are inexpensive, reliable and easily constructed. The best refrigerators reach continuous temperatures of around 10 mK at low circulation rates ( 100 mol/s). The cooling power at high temperatures is limited by the speed of the circulation pump and not by the refrigerator itself. The basic design and construction methods are discussed.     

Models for the wavelength dependence of the index of refraction of water

Models for the index of refraction of water are reviewed and reduced to wavelength-dependent formulas. A simple three-term nonlinear model derived from Quan and Fry [Appl. Opt. 34, 3477-3480 (1995)], originally developed for the visible region, fits the available data well over an extended range covering the UV to the near-IR (200-1100 nm).     

A participatory modelling approach to define farm-scale effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation in the Lockyer Valley,Australia

The Lockyer Valley is an important agricultural area experiencing water insecurity, which causes a decrease in agricultural production. Regional authorities are initiating a wastewater reclamation project conveying treated municipal wastewater to water users, including potentially the Lockyer Valley. This additional (and essentially reliable) water source will change farming options and practices. A participatory modelling approach was used to analyse the consequences of changed water availability at the farm scale. This approach incorporates both farmer and scientist knowledge and gives due attention to non-technical issues like perception and acceptance. Two cropping patterns were worked out to forecast the effects on water deficit and crop yield in the projected situation.     

格拉斯哥SocietyM酒店

项目地点:英国苏格兰,格拉斯哥开放时间:2011年6月项目面积:585平方米(包括入口空间)设计公司:Concrete建筑事务所项目团队:Rob Wagemans,Erikjan Vermeulen,Cindy Wouters,Stijnde Weerd     

精致英伦范——伦敦莱斯特广场W酒店

W酒店的设计者在设计伊始便希望能够带给顾客最完美的住宿体验。英国的伦敦当然有很多优秀的酒店可以供旅人选择，而最后他们选择了这里，设计师希望顾客们能够从W酒店的设计中领略伦敦这座城市的风采。酒店就像是一个私人向导，带若来此住宿的人们认识一个更加真实的伦敦。白天你可以是一个典型的商务人士，夜晚则可雌换下外套到酒店的酒吧中狂欢。在酒店中足不出户。也能让你感受到不一样的城市风采。