Effects of Winding Attachment Positions on Output Characteristics of Flux‐Modulating Synchronous Machines

The flux‐modulating synchronous machine (FMSM) is a new type of multipole SM with nonoverlapping concentrated armature and field windings on the stator. This paper compares the output characteristics of two FMSMs through finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments. In both of the FMSMs, the attachment positions of the armature and field windings are swapped. To determine the reason for the discrepancies in their output characteristics, unsaturated inductances were calculated using a d‐‐q equivalent circuit. In addition, the calculated results of the inductances were confirmed through a visualization of the leakage fluxes using FEA. The results of the study show that the synchronous inductance can be reduced by attaching the armature winding to the air‐gap side of the stator teeth and that the reduction leads to an increase in output power.     

Correlation between motion of source bender element and feedback signal induced by self-monitoring

Since the introduction of bender element tests to soil testing, the reliability of the estimated travel time has been the most serious problem. The author has previously shown a potential solution whereby removing the response of the bender element subsystem from the whole response could dramatically improve the accuracy of the travel time estimation. In order to lay the foundation for estimating the response of the bender element subsystem, this paper examines the correlation between the displacements of the element and the induced feedback signals by employing a self-monitoring element. The response of the self-monitoring element is modeled as a transfer function involving two internal transfer functions that relate the input signals to the displacements and the displacements to the feedback signals, respectively. Using a laser displacement sensor, the displacements are directly measured through the entire surface and reveal the three-dimensional bending motion of the element oscillating in both longitudinal and width directions. The feedback signals are similar to, but inconsistent with, the tip displacements, and an attempt is made to correct the feedback signals. Finally, a conclusion is given on the potential for estimating the response of the bender element subsystem using the self-monitoring element.     

以辉锑矿为原料放电等离子烧结快速制备黝铜矿Cu_(12)Sb_4S_(13)及反应机理

采用辉锑矿为原料成功制备出Cu_(12)Sb_4S_(13)块体。研究以Sb_2S_3矿物为原料时烧结工艺对Cu_(12)Sb_4S_(13)合成的影响。在400 ～ 440℃温度区间内均可快速合成Cu_(12)Sb_4S_(13)块体且二次烧结能够进一步减小中间相CuSbS_2和Cu_3SbS_3。第二相Cu_3SbS_4和残留相CuS随着烧结时间的延长而降低。二次烧结前进行机械化球磨处理,干磨比湿磨更容易减小残留相。初次烧结块体的断面SEM和EDS能谱分析表明内部存在Cu或Cu_2S颗粒团聚现象。适当降低Cu或CuS摩尔量(化学计量比0.1 mol)能促进烧结块表面反应进行。烧结过程中,硫磺蒸汽压的导致烧结块表面成分和内部粉末的成分不同。     

MyoD and Myf-5 differentially regulate the development of limb versus trunk skeletal muscle

The myogenic progenitors of epaxial (paraspinal and intercostal) and hypaxial (limb and abdominal wall) musculature are believed to originate in dorsal-medial and ventral-lateral domains, respectively, of the developing somite. To investigate the hypothesis that Myf-5 and MyoD have different roles in the development of epaxial and hypaxial musculature, we further characterized myogenesis in Myf-5- and MyoD-deficient embryos by several approaches. We examined expression of a MyoD-lacZ transgene in Myf-5 and MyoD mutant embryos to characterize the temporal-spatial patterns of myogenesis in mutant embryos. In addition, we performed immunohistochemistry on sectioned Myf-5 and MyoD mutant embryos with antibodies reactive with desmin, nestin, myosin heavy chain, sarcomeric actin, Myf-5, MyoD and myogenin. While MyoD(-/-) embryos displayed normal development of paraspinal and intercostal muscles in the body proper, muscle development in limb buds and brachial arches was delayed by about 2.5 days. By contrast, Myf-5(-/-) embryos displayed normal muscle development in limb buds and brachial arches, and markedly delayed development of paraspinal and intercostal muscles. Although MyoD mutant embryos exhibited delayed development of limb musculature, normal migration of Pax-3-expressing cells into the limb buds and normal subsequent induction of Myf-5 in myogenic precursors was observed. These results suggest that Myf-5 expression in the limb is insufficient for the normal progression of myogenic development. Taken together, these observations strongly support the hypothesis that Myf-5 and MyoD play unique roles in the development of epaxial and hypaxial muscle, respectively.     

二垩英与资源回收-Ⅰ考虑到二垩英生成的资源与能量回收基础研究

目前在日本,存在大量工业垃圾,包括各种塑料制品,ASR(汽车破碎垃圾),含有毒PCB(多氯联苯)的110变压器和PVC(聚氯乙稀)制品等.而来自城市垃圾焚烧炉的废气含有大量能量.因此,在充分考虑环境、避免二垩英生成的同时,安全回收来自工业垃圾、城市和/或工业垃圾焚烧炉的资源和能量是个非常重要的课题,这也将对抑制CO2排放作出贡献.正确地阐明焚烧过程中二垩英的生成机理及详细研究含少量二垩英的焚烧废气在冷却过程中大量形成二垩英的临界温度是项很重要的工作.解决这个问题可有效实现资源和能量的回收.本报告介绍日本在二垩英排放方面目前采取的对策和存在的问题以及大阪大学为阻止二垩英生成所做的基础研究工作.     

Effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mediator production from monocytes in vitro

M-CSF is a macrophage-lineage-specific growth factor that causes proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells in the bone marrow. To investigate the effects of M-CSF on more matured cells, human monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of M-CSF for 6 days. Addition of M-CSF at more than 10(2) U/ml resulted in higher viability and caused morphological differentiation to large macrophage-like cells. LPS-induced mediator production was also compared between M-CSF-treated and control cell. Monocytes were incubated with or without M-CSF for 3 days, and were stimulated with 1 microgram/ml of LPS for 2 days. IL-1 beta was not detected in the both culture supernatants, and PGE2 production was not influenced by M-CSF. However, amounts of G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, and TNF-alpha produced in response to 1 microgram/ml of LPS were 1.5 to 2 times greater from monocytes treated with 10(4) U/ml of M-CSF than from control cells. The priming effect of M-CSF on LPS-induced cytokine production was found to require 3-day preincubation, and reached a maximum at the concentration of 10(4) U/ml. M-CSF-treated cells responded to a 10 times lower concentration of LPS than control cells in terms of cytokine production. M-CSF was also shown by flowcytometric analysis to influence the expression of CD14, a receptor for LPS, which might render monocytes more sensitive to LPS.     

Reliability of Au bump––Cu direct interconnections fabricated by means of surface activated bonding method

As a room temperature bonding method, surface activated bonding (SAB) method has been introduced to be one of the most appropriate interconnection methods for the next generation of electronic packaging. Thus it is important to study the reliability of SAB interconnection in long term life test.In this paper, interconnections of Au bump and Cu film bonded by SAB method were performed in high temperature thermal aging test. Degradation of properties such as electrical resistance, shear strength of bump and interface microstructure during aging process were studied to investigate the failure mechanism of the interconnection. Intermetallic compound Cu₃Au was found formed at the interface during thermal aging, and it causes evolvement of the properties and failure mode of the interconnection changing in shear test. Results reveal that SAB is suitable for the interconnection between Au bump and Cu film and it is reliable in thermal reliability test.