煤液化沥青与煤焦油沥青组成结构的比较

通过对煤液化沥青和煤焦油沥青组成结构进行对比分析,发现煤液化沥青和煤焦油沥青组成都以稠环芳烃为主,并含有O、N、S等元素杂环化合物。煤焦油沥青分子结构特征为稠环芳烃接近于迫位构型,脂肪族侧链较少且短,不存在环烷烃。相比之下,煤液化沥青相对分子量更大,组成更为复杂,其主要由环烷烃、稠环芳烃链接烷基侧链、含杂原子的单元组成,结构单元之间形成缔合体。通过进一步对其性能分析,发现煤液化沥青的软化点和结焦值均明显高于煤焦油沥青,究其原因主要是组成和结构的差异性导致。     

乡村新能源助力乡居生活发展

正中共中央、国务院印发的《乡村振兴战略规划(2018-2022年)》指出:"要着力推进农村能源结构调整,深化农村能源服务体制机制创新,构建清洁高效、多元互补、城乡协调、统筹发展的现代农村能源体系。"随着乡村振兴战略的进一步实施,各地已初步探索出了"光伏发     

Effect of doping rare earth oxide on performance of copper-manganese catalysts for water-gas shift reaction

Rare earth-doped copper-manganese mixed oxide catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation and mechanical mixing using copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, and rare-earth oxides REO （REO indicates La2O3, CeO2, Y2O3, or Pr6O11） as raw materials. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, temperature-programmed reduc-tion of oxidized surfaces （s-TPR）, and temperature-programmed desorption （TPD）. Catalytic activities were tested for a water-gas shift reaction. Doping rare earth oxides did not alter the crystal structure of the original copper-manganese mixed oxides but changed the interplanar spacing, adsorption performance and reaction performance. Doping with La2O3 enhanced the activity and stability of Cu-Mn mixed oxides because of high copper distribution and fine reduction. Doping with CeO2 and Y2O3 also decreased the reduc-tion temperatures of the samples to different degrees while improving the dispersion of Cu on the surface, thus, catalytic activity was better than that of undoped Cu-Mn sample. The Pr6O11-doped sample was difficult to reduce, the dispersion of surface coppers was lowered, resulting in poor activity.     

煤直接液化沥青脱固技术研究综述

通过对煤直接液化沥青组成性质的分析后发现,煤直接液化初级沥青固含量高且成分复杂较难脱除。目前国内外常用的沥青净化处理方法主要有溶剂处理法、超临界萃取法、热过滤法、闪蒸缩聚法等。经过对比分析后发现,溶剂沉降法工业化应用最多;超临界萃取法在分离粘稠重质油沥青方面很有优势,有望应用于煤液化沥青脱固;热过滤法属于纯物理方法,操作简单、能耗低且分离效率高,但直接应用于煤直接液化沥青脱固易堵塞滤芯孔道,可作为一种辅助精细脱固方法生产超纯沥青;闪蒸缩聚法是用沥青闪蒸后的轻质组分生产精制沥青,适于低软化点沥青脱固。深入研究了煤直接液化油渣沥青类物质有效分离技术,并开发出高附加价值产品。