全文获取类型
收费全文 | 54992篇 |
免费 | 5780篇 |
国内免费 | 3970篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 4396篇 |
综合类 | 5372篇 |
化学工业 | 7876篇 |
金属工艺 | 3967篇 |
机械仪表 | 3752篇 |
建筑科学 | 4352篇 |
矿业工程 | 2031篇 |
能源动力 | 1390篇 |
轻工业 | 5306篇 |
水利工程 | 1580篇 |
石油天然气 | 2450篇 |
武器工业 | 632篇 |
无线电 | 5670篇 |
一般工业技术 | 5720篇 |
冶金工业 | 2183篇 |
原子能技术 | 865篇 |
自动化技术 | 7200篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 287篇 |
2023年 | 909篇 |
2022年 | 1925篇 |
2021年 | 2627篇 |
2020年 | 1971篇 |
2019年 | 1457篇 |
2018年 | 1583篇 |
2017年 | 1850篇 |
2016年 | 1536篇 |
2015年 | 2317篇 |
2014年 | 2942篇 |
2013年 | 3486篇 |
2012年 | 4140篇 |
2011年 | 4514篇 |
2010年 | 4149篇 |
2009年 | 3947篇 |
2008年 | 3860篇 |
2007年 | 3987篇 |
2006年 | 3615篇 |
2005年 | 2846篇 |
2004年 | 1975篇 |
2003年 | 1542篇 |
2002年 | 1487篇 |
2001年 | 1369篇 |
2000年 | 1075篇 |
1999年 | 742篇 |
1998年 | 449篇 |
1997年 | 410篇 |
1996年 | 341篇 |
1995年 | 310篇 |
1994年 | 270篇 |
1993年 | 195篇 |
1992年 | 150篇 |
1991年 | 93篇 |
1990年 | 77篇 |
1989年 | 63篇 |
1988年 | 58篇 |
1987年 | 40篇 |
1986年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 9篇 |
1951年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
3.
Peiying Wang Juanli Zhao Yun Fan Wei Zhang Yuanyuan Cui Liangmiao Zhang Bin Liu Hongqiang Nian Yiran Li 《Ceramics International》2021,47(11):15023-15029
In this work, the composition-dependent point defect types and formation energies of RE2Hf2O7 (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu and Gd) as well as the oxygen diffusion behavior are systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The possible defect reactions and dominant defect complexes under stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric conditions are revealed. It is found that O Frenkel pairs are the predominant defect in stoichiometric pyrochlore hafnates. Hf-RE cation anti-site defects, accompanied by RE vacancies and/or oxygen interstitials, are stable in the non-stoichiometric case of HfO2 excess. On the other hand, RE-Hf anti-site defects together with oxygen vacancies and/or RE interstitials are preferable in the case of RE2O3 excess. The energy barriers for the migration along the VO48f - VO48f pathway of pyrochlore hafnates were calculated to be between 0.81 eV and 0.89 eV. Based on these results, a defect engineering strategy is proposed and the pyrochlore hafnates investigated here are predicted to exhibit potential oxygen ionic conductivity. 相似文献
4.
调度作为计划层和执行层的纽带,是智能型工厂的主要组成部分.对此,从炼油生产装置调度的角度,对炼油调度问题进行综述与分析.首先对炼油生产调度建模问题的研究现状进行阐述,介绍目前该领域建模方面考虑的因素;其次,对炼油生产调度的各种优化方法进行总结综述;最后,结合目前的信息技术和智能制造的发展趋势,分析炼油生产调度所面临的挑战和未来的研究方向. 相似文献
5.
Qian Wu Xiangmei Liu Bo Li Lei Tan Yong Han Zhaoyang Li Yanqin Liang Zhenduo Cui Shengli Zhu Shuilin Wu Yufeng Zheng 《材料科学技术学报》2021,67(8):70-79
Pathogens pose a serious challenge to environmental sanitation and a threat to public health.The frequent use of chemicals for sterilization in recent years has not only caused secondary damage to the environment but also increased pathogen resistance to drugs,which further threatens public health.To address this issue,the use of non-chemical antibacterial means has become a new trend for environmental disinfection.In this study,we developed red phosphorus nanoparticles(RPNPs),a safe and degradable photosensitive material with good photocatalytic and photothermal properties.The red phosphorus nanoparticles were prepared using a template method and ultrasonication.Under the irradiation of simulated sunlight for 20 min,the RPNPs exhibited an efficiency of 99.98%in killing Staphylococcus aureus due to their excellent photocatalytic and photothermal abilities.Transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy revealed that the RPNPs exhibited degradability within eight weeks.Both the RPNPs and their degradation products were nontoxic to fibroblast cells.Therefore,such RPNPs are expected to be used as a new type of low-cost,efficient,degradable,biocompatible,and eco-friendly photosensitive material for environmental disinfection. 相似文献
6.
Zhenkun Ke Xin Cao Chuanli Shan Lifen Shi Pingping Wang Yong Yang Fengyang Zhao Jiedong Cui Jinwei Li Gang Zhou Min Guan Tao Yu 《Ceramics International》2021,47(14):19605-19613
The purpose of the current work was to research the effect of alkali metal oxide on the structure, thermal properties, viscosity and chemical stability in the glass system (R2O–CaO–B2O3–SiO2) systematically. Because the glass would emulsify when Li2O was added to the glass batch, this article did not discuss Li2O. The results showed that when the amount of Na2O was less than 4 mol.%, there was a higher interconnectivity of borate and silicate sub-networks in glass, as more mixed Si–O–B bonds were present in glass. The glass samples exhibited excellent thermal properties and chemical stabilities. As the amount of Na2O exceeded 4 mol.%, the interconnectivity of borate and silicate sub-networks was weakened. The thermal properties and chemical stabilities of the glass samples were reduced. The connectivity of the silicate sub-network was weakened slightly as the Na/K ratio varied, and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the glass samples gradually increased, and the resistance to thermal shock (RTS) value gradually decreased. Moreover, the viscosity of the glass samples decreased with the ratio of Na/Si and Na/K increased. 相似文献
7.
基于柴油产品质量升级的需求,中国石化大连石油化工研究院(FRIPP)开发了FHIDW加氢改质技术及配套FF-46加氢精制催化剂、FC-14B加氢改质催化剂和FDW-3临氢降凝催化剂.该技术及催化剂级配体系在格尔木炼油厂0.8 Mt·a-1加氢改质装置上的工业应用情况表明,级配催化剂体系对原料适应性强,装置运转平稳,操作灵活性高,催化剂失活速率慢,产品分布合理且质量优异,在降低柴油产品凝点的同时可以明显改善其密度和十六烷值,解决了改造前装置生产重柴油密度偏低的问题,为炼油厂生产符合国V质量标准的柴油提供了技术保障. 相似文献
8.
Nowadays, oil pollution has become more serious, which causes great threats both to the ecological environment and human life. In this study, a novel type of multifunctional deacetylated cellulose acetate/polyurethane (d-MCA:MTPU) composite nanofiber membranes for oil/water separation are successfully fabricated by electrospinning, which show super-amphiphilicity in air, super-hydrophilicity in oil, and oleophobicity in water. All the d-MCA:MTPU composite nanofiber membranes with different mass ratios can be used as water-removing, oil-removing, and emulsion separation substance only by gravity driving force. The highest separation flux for water and oil reaches up to 37 000 and 74 000 L m−2 h−1, respectively, and all the separation efficiencies are more than 99%. They have outstanding comprehensive mechanics performance, which can be controlled by simply adjusting the mass ratios. They show excellent antifouling and self-cleaning ability, endowing powerful cyclic stability and reusability. Those results show that d-MCA:MTPU composite nanofiber membranes have great application prospects in oil/water separation. 相似文献
9.
10.
Ting Cui Ling Xu Feng Ding Ahmed Alsaedi Tasawar Hayat 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2020,34(11):1658-1676
Parameter estimation plays an important role in the field of system control. This article is concerned with the parameter estimation methods for multivariable systems in the state-space form. For the sake of solving the identification complexity caused by a large number of parameters in multivariable systems, we decompose the original multivariable system into some subsystems containing fewer parameters and study identification algorithms to estimate the parameters of each subsystem. By taking the maximum likelihood criterion function as the fitness function of the differential evolution algorithm, we present a maximum likelihood-based differential evolution (ML-DE) algorithm for parameter estimation. To improve the parameter estimation accuracy, we introduce the adaptive mutation factor and the adaptive crossover factor into the ML-DE algorithm and propose a maximum likelihood-based adaptive differential evolution algorithm. The simulation study indicates the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. 相似文献