Applications of the 4×4 determinant method and the POLYGON ENGINE

In the first half of the paper, various types of processing pertaining to a polygon, using the 4×4 determinant theories are explained along with a new containment test algorithm of a point in a polygon. In the latter half of the paper, a general-purpose geometric processor, the POLYGON ENGINE, is presented which can deal with various types of interference problems, such as Boolean operations in solid modelling, hidden line and surface eliminations, ray tracing and so on. It is, a successor of the TRIANGLE PROCESSOR and is also based upon the 4×4 determinant theories [4–6]. While the TRIANGLE PROCESSOR processes a triangulated polygon on a triangle-by-triangle basis, the POLYGON ENGINE can treat a polygon without triangulation. The latter is expected to be more functional, more efficient and easier to use.     

N，O，O′─三（对甲苯磺酰基）双（2─羟乙基）胺的合成

二乙醇胺和对甲苯磺酰氯在三乙胺存在下，反应生成Ｎ，０，Ｏ′－三（对甲苯磺酰基）双（２－羟乙基）胺，产率９３％。从反应混合物中分离得副产物Ｎ，Ｏ－二（对甲苯磺酰基）双（２－羟乙基）胺。     

A pilot survey of 39 Victorian WWTP effluents using a high speed luminescent umu test in conjunction with a novel GC-MS-database technique for automatic identification of micropollutants

In 2007, samples of treated effluent were collected at point of discharge to the environment from 39 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located across Victoria, Australia grouped by treatment type. Sample genotoxicity was assessed with a high-throughput luminescent umu test method using Salmonella typhimurium TL210 strain, with and without addition of a commercially available metabolic activation system. Samples were also screened using a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric mass-structure database recognition method. A genotoxic response was observed in half of the samples tested without metabolic activation system (相似文献   

Enzymatic production of pyrimidine nucleotides using Corynebacterium ammoniagenes cells and recombinant Escherichia coli cells: enzymatic production of CDP-choline from orotic acid and choline chloride (Part I)

Enzymatic production of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) using orotic acid and choline chloride as substrates was investigated using a 200-ml beaker as a reaction vessel. When Cornybacterium ammoniagenes KY13505 cells were used as the enzyme source, UMP was accumulated up to 28.6 g/liter (77.6 mM) from orotic acid after 26 h of reaction. In this reaction, UDP and UTP were also accumulated, but CTP, a direct precursor of CDP-choline, was not accumulated sufficiently. Escherichia coli JF646/pMW6 cells, which overproduce CTP synthetase by selfcloning of the pyrG gene, were used together with cells of KY12505 for the enzymatic reaction using orotic acid as a substrate. CTP was produced at 8.95 g/liter (15.1 mM) after 23 h of this reaction. To produce CDP-choline, two additional enzyme activities were needed. E. coli MM294/pUCK3 and MM294/pCC41 cells, which express a choline kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CKIase; encoded by the CKI gene) and a cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase from S. cerevisiae (CCTase; encoded by the CCT gene) respectively, were added to this CTP-producing reaction system. After 23 h of the reaction using orotic acid and choline chloride as substrates, 7.7 g/liter (15.1 mM) of CDP-choline was accumulated without addition of ATP or phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP). ATP and PRPP required in the CDP-choline forming reaction system are biosynthesized by those cells using glucose as a substrate.     

Improvement of both adsorption performance of silica gel and heat transfer characteristics by means of heat exchange modulation for a heat pump

In order to provide high performance silica gel for an adsorption heat pump (AHP), gels were synthesized using the sol-gel process modified with a new method of controlling the primary gel particle growth by the addition of aluminum ion. In this process, the pores of the silica gel synthesized became smaller when aluminum ion was added in the washing process. Furthermore, this silica gel adsorbed more water at a low region of water vapor pressure and its adsorption ability did not change after 100 repetitive times of adsorping/desorping water vapor. The experimental results from the water vapor adsorption on the silica gel agreed well with theoretical results obtained under the Lump model for heat transfer and intraparticle diffusion model for mass transfer. A new direct heat exchange silica gel module (DS-module) for the AHP was provided, and the heat transfer characteristics during the operation for the adsorption of water vapor were both experimentally and theoretically determined. The period of the adsorption for the DS-module was shorter than that for a silica gel/tube module. Therefore, with the addition of the DS-module the heat transfer in the AHP adsorber was sufficiently enhanced and the maximum heat generation power for the 2-mm-thick DS-module was obtained. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(7): 420–433, 1996     

Molecular Depolymerization of Moist Sweet Potato Starch Melt by Shearing Force under an Elevated Temperature

Sweet potato starch (SPS) with 20 or 25% moisture was heated and then fused at 150°C for 15 min under pressurization at 30–500 Kg/cm². At the same time, the heated SPS melt was extruded through a capillary tube under specified pressure in order to give shearing force. Thus, intact SPS, heated SPS and heated sheared SPS specimen were prepared and examined. The heated and heated sheared SPS did not contain any pyrolysis products because their spectrum profiles were the same as that of intact SPS. By heating and shearing, the intact SPS molecule was depolymerized into small molecules including a few amount of glucose. This finding was revealed by means of molecular weight estimation by viscometry and by gel filtration. The shearing toward SPS melt markedly stimulated the depolymerization while the effect of only heating on depolymerization of SPS was modulate in comparison with heated shearing. Water solubilities of intact SPS, heated SPS and heated sheared SPS with 20% moisture were 0.07, 3.5 and 51.5% respectively, and also the degrees of gelatinization of 1.8% for intact starch increased markedly to 29% for heated SPS and 80–95% (depending on the pressure at extrusion) for heated sheared SPS.     

Classification method of severe accident condition for the development of severe accident instrumentation and monitoring system in nuclear power plant

Instrumentation and monitoring systems in a nuclear power plant are very important to monitor plant conditions for safe operations and a plant shutdown. The severe accident at TOKYO ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (hereinafter called as TF1) in March 2011 caused several severe situations such as core damage, hydrogen explosion, etc. Lessons learned from the severe accident at TF1 show that an appropriate operable instrumentation and monitoring system for a severe accident should be developed so that the system will deliver an appropriate performance for mitigation of severe accident condition in a nuclear power plant.

This paper proposes the classification method of severe accident condition for the development of an appropriate operable instrumentation and monitoring system for a severe accident based on the problem analysis of monitoring variables during the severe accident at TF1. The classification is formed on the basis of the integrity of boundary for plant safety and the successful (or unsuccessful) condition of the cooling water injection, and is used for an establishment of defining severe accident environmental conditions for the instrumentation and monitoring system. Examples of the establishment method are also shown in this paper.     

Selective hydrogenation of oleic acid to 9-octadecen-1-ol: Catalyst preparation and optimum reaction conditions

A new catalyst, ruthenium-tin-alumina is found to selectively hydrogenate oleic acid to 9-octadecen-1-ol (oleyl + elaidyl alcohol) at low pressure with high yield. Catalyst preparation methods, catalyst raw materials and activation conditions have a significant effect on the activity of the catalyst. The optimum atomic ratio of ruthenium to tin is about 1:2. Catalyst prepared by an improved sol-gel method shows higher activity and selectivity than catalysts prepared by impregnation and coprecipitation methods. Chloride is found to have a negative effect on catalytic activity. The best catalyst is prepared from chloride-free ruthenium and tin raw materials. Under the optimum reaction conditions of 250°C and 5.6 MPa, the selectivities for 9-octadecen-1-ol and total alcohol (9-octadecen-1-ol + stearyl alcohol) formation are 80.9% and 97%, respectively, at a conversion of 81.3%.