Myelination of the brain in MRI: a staging system

CORT has been developed to treat recurrent gynaecological malignancies infiltrating the pelvic wall unilaterally. The surgical part consists of: (i) staging laparotomy/lymphadenectomy, (ii) maximum tumour resection at the pelvic wall and exenteration of infiltrated central pelvic organs, (iii) implantation of guiding tubes on the residual tumour/tumour bed on the pelvic wall, (iv) pelvic wall plasty with muscle, musculocutaneous and omentum flaps, (v) operative reconstruction of bowel, bladder and perineo-vulvo-vaginal functions. Radiation is performed as interstitial high dose rate brachytherapy through the implanted tubes. Patients without prior pelvic irradiation receive in addition, whole pelvis teletherapy. CORT has been evaluated in a prospective phase I and II trial at the University of Mainz. Within a 3-year period, 21 patients with pelvic wall recurrences from various gynaecological primary tumours were treated. Seventeen patients had been irradiated as (part of) the previous therapy with a median total mid-pelvic dose of 65 Gy (range 40-100 Gy). There was no operative mortality. Five patients developed complications necessitating surgical intervention. One patient died from fatal thromboembolism 6 months after CORT without evidence of tumour progression. In 14 patients, local tumour control has been achieved. After a median follow-up period of 27 months (range 6-38 months) Kaplan-Meier life table analysis revealed an actuarial survival probability of 55% (recurrence-free 49%). We conclude from these preliminary results, that the CORT procedure for the treatment of pelvic wall recurrences is feasible and may lead to encouraging therapeutic success in selected patients, whose situation had been hopeless so far.     

用于生命探测的微功率冲击雷达天线设计

用于生命探测的微功率冲击雷达（MIR）技术实现的关键之一是天线设计。本文针对系统对天线的要求,分析设计了一种轴向螺旋天线,并通过三维立体仿真软件HFSS10进行仿真,得到比较理想的增益波瓣图和反射系数图。结果表明所设计的螺旋天线能够满足系统的技术要求。     

Response to simulated typical daily outdoor irradiation conditions of thin-film silicon-based triple-band-gap,triple-junction solar cells

We studied the response to various realistic outdoor conditions of thin-film silicon-based triple-band-gap, triple-junction cells that were made in house. The triple-junction cells consist of a stack of proto-Si:H/proto-SiGe:H/nanocrystalline (nc)-Si:H cells in an n–i–p configuration, fabricated using hot-wire chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Current matching was determined for modeled spectra of four different days of the year that are typical for the northwestern European climate. Spectral modeling was based on measured irradiation data. The results showed that on a clear day in June, when the actual spectrum was closest to the reference AM1.5 spectrum, the matching was ideal. As the spectral shape varied during the course of the day with respect to the AM1.5 reference the matching became progressively worse. We found that the top cell (1.8 eV) and bottom cell (1.1 eV) are most sensitive to spectral changes, whereas the middle cell (1.5 eV) is less sensitive. Overall, it was evident that either cloudiness or seasonal variations led to an increase in current mismatch between the cells. If the sub-cells are closely matched, it may even occur that a cell designed to be current limiting no longer fulfills that role.     

Comparison of surface passivation of crystalline silicon by a-Si:H with and without atomic hydrogen treatment using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition

We compared surface passivation of c-Si by a-Si:H with and without atomic hydrogen treatment prior to a-Si:H deposition. The atomic hydrogen is produced by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). For this purpose, we deposited a-Si:H layers onto both sides of n-type FZ c-Si wafers and measured the minority carrier effective lifetime and implied V_OC for different H treatment times ranging from 5 s to 30 s prior to a-Si:H deposition. We found that increasing hydrogen treatment times led to lower effective lifetimes and implied V_OC values for the used conditions. The treatments have been performed in a new virgin chamber to exclude Si deposition from the chamber walls. Our results show that a short atomic hydrogen pretreatment is already detrimental for the passivation quality which might be due to the creation of defects in the c-Si. AFM measurements do not show any change in the surface roughness of the different samples.     

Computer-aided band gap engineering and experimental verification of amorphous silicon–germanium solar cells

A new band gap profile (exponential profile) for the active layer of the a-SiGe:H single junction cell has been designed and experimentally demonstrated. By computer simulations we show how bending the grading of the band gap in the i-layer contributes to the enhancement of the carrier collection, improving the fill factor and efficiency. The differences observed between experiments and simulations are studied using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). The results highlight weak points during the deposition process, whose control enables us to bring together experimental and computational results.     

Grenzgebiete der lebensmittelwissenschaft

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Tailoring C60 for Efficient Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

Although inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising in thermal stability, their large open-circuit voltage (V_OC) deficit and difficulty in large-area preparation still limit their development toward commercialization. The present work tailors C₆₀ via a codoping strategy to construct an efficient electron-transporting layer (ETL), leading to a significant improvement in V_OC of the inverted inorganic CsPbI₂Br PSC. Specifically, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) is introduced as a dopant to lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the C₆₀ layer by forming a Lewis acidic adduct. The enlarged free energy difference provides a favorable enhancement in electron injection and thereby reduces charge recombination. Subsequently, a nonhygroscopic lithium salt (LiClO₄) is added to increase electron mobility and conductivity of the film, leading to a reduction in the device hysteresis and facilitating the fabrication of a large-area device. Finally, the as-optimized inorganic CsPbI₂Br PSCs gain a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.19%, with a stabilized power output (SPO) of 14.21% (0.09 cm²). More importantly, this work also demonstrates a record PCE of 14.44% for large-area inorganic CsPbI₂Br PSCs (1.0 cm²) and reports the first inorganic perovskite solar module with the excellent efficiency exceeding 12% (10.92 cm²) by a self-developed quasi-curved heating method.