Autonomous mapping of HL7 RIM and relational database schema

Healthcare systems need to share information within and across the boundaries in order to provide better care to the patients. For this purpose, they take advantage of the full potential of current state of the art in healthcare standards providing interoperable solutions. HL7 V3 specification is an international message exchange and interoperability standard. HL7 V3 messages exchanged between healthcare applications are ultimately recorded into local healthcare databases, mostly in relational databases. In order to bring these relational databases in compliance with HL7, mappings between HL7 RIM (Reference Information Model) and relational database schema are required. Currently, RIM and database mapping is largely performed manually, therefore it is tedious, time consuming, error prone and expensive process. It is a challenging task to determine all correspondences between RIM and schema automatically because of extreme heterogeneity issues in healthcare databases. To reduce the amount of manual efforts as much as possible, autonomous mapping approaches are required. This paper proposes a technique that addresses the aforementioned mapping issue and aligns healthcare databases to HL7 V3 RIM specifications. Furthermore, the proposed technique has been implemented as a working application and tested on real world healthcare systems. The application loads the target healthcare schema and then identifies the most appropriate match for tables and the associated fields in the schema by using domain knowledge and the matching rules defined in the Mapping Knowledge Repository. These rules are designed to handle the complexity of semantics found in healthcare databases. The GUI allows users to view and edit/re-map the correspondences. Once all the mappings are defined, the application generates Mapping Specification, which contains all the mapping information i.e. database tables and fields with associated RIM classes and attributes. In order to enable the transactions, the application is facilitated with the autonomous code generation from the Mapping Specification. The Code Generator component focuses primarily on generating custom classes and hibernate mapping files against the runtime system to retrieve and parse the data from the data source—thus allows bi-directional HL7 to database communication, with minimum programming required. Our experimental results show 35–65% accuracy on real laboratory systems, thus demonstrating the promise of the approach. The proposed scheme is an effective step in bringing the clinical databases in compliance with RIM, providing ease and flexibility.     

3，4-二氢吡咯[2，1-c][1，4]噘嗪-1-酮及其7-芳酰基衍生物的设计与合成

以2-吡咯基三氯乙酮为主要原料,经过乙二醇单酯化、羟基氯取代、环合三步反应制得了3,4-二氢吡咯[2,1-c][1,4]噁嗪-1-酮;又经过Friedel—Crafts酰基化和环合反应制得了未见文献报道的7-芳酰基-3,4-二氢吡咯[2,1-c][1,4]噁嗪-1-酮它们及其某些重要中间体的结构分别采用红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱以及高分辨率质谱进行了表征．     

哈尔滨地区汛期径流量变化趋势与复杂性分析

区域水文要素复杂性研究是当今的热点问题,为了研究哈尔滨地区汛期径流量的复杂性特征及变化趋势,将R/S分析法和等概率粗粒化LZC算法引入到区域径流复杂性分析与变化趋势预测中,对地区内10个水文站点的汛期径流序列的复杂性进行诊断并对其变化趋势进行分析。研究结果表明:哈尔滨、通河、阿城、依兰、烟囱山各站未来的汛期径流量呈减少趋势,岔林河、莲花、西北河、延寿、四平山各站未来的汛期径流量呈增长趋势;各站点汛期径流序列的复杂度由高到低依次为:四平山、烟囱山、岔林河、阿城、西北河、依兰、莲花、通河、哈尔滨、延寿;从河流集水面积对其径流长程相关性和复杂性的影响可以看出,站点的河流集水面积越大,其径流量的长程相关性越强,复杂性指数越小。研究成果揭示了本地区汛期径流量的变化趋势以及复杂性演变特征,该特征可为区域径流预测及水资源优化配置提供科学依据。     

First-principles study of the double perovskites Sr<Subscript>2</Subscript>XOsO<Subscript>6</Subscript> (X = Li,Na, Ca) for spintronics applications

We investigated double perovskite compounds of the form Sr ₂ XOsO ₆ (X = Li, Na, Ca) using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. For the exchange-correlation energy, Wu and Cohen generalized gradient approximation (WC-GGA), Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof GGA (PBE-GGA), Engel and Vosko GGA (EV-GGA), and GGA plus Hubbard U-parameter (GGA + U) were used. The calculated structural parameters are in good agreement with the existing experimental results. Calculation of different elastic constants and elastic moduli reveals that these compounds are elastically stable and possess ductile nature. The GGA + U approach yields quite accurate results of the bandgap as compared with the simple GGA schemes. The density of states plot shows that Sr-4d, Os-5d and O-2p states predominantly contribute to the conduction and valence bands. Further, our results regarding to the magnetic properties of these compounds reveal their ferromagnetic nature. In addition, these compounds seem to possess half-metallic properties, making them useful candidates for applications in spintronics devices.     

Selective extraction and detection of noble metal based on ionic liquid immobilized silica gel surface using ICP-OES

In this study, an efficiently employed ionic liquid combined with commercially available silica gel (SG–ClPrNTf₂) was developed for selective detection of gold(III) by use of inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The selectivity of SG–ClPrNTf₂ was evaluated towards seven metal ions, including Y(III), Mn(II), Zr(IV), Pb(II), Mg(II), Pd(II) and Au(III). Based on pH study and distribution coefficient values, the SG–ClPrNTf₂ phase was found to be the most selective towards Au(III) at pH 2 as compared to other metal ions. The adsorption isotherm of Au(III) on the SG–ClPrNTf₂ phase followed the Langmuir model with adsorption capacity of 59.48 mg g^?1, which was highly in agreement with experimental data of adsorption isotherm study. The kinetics study indicated that Au(III) adsorption kinetics data were well fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model on the basis of correlation coefficient fitting (0.996) and adsorption capacity agreement (62.26 mg g^?1). Furthermore, SG–ClPrNTf₂ phase was effectively performed for the determination of Au(III) in real water samples with satisfactory results.     

Time stepping in discontinuous Galerkin method

The time discretization in the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme has been traditionally based on the Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) second-order Runge-Kutta (RK2) scheme. Computational efficiency and accuracy with the Euler Forward (EF) and the TVD second-order RK2 time stepping schemes in the DG method are investigated in this work. Numerical tests are conducted with the scalar Burgers equation, 1-D and 2-D shallow water flow equations. The maximum Courant number or time step size required for stability for the EF scheme and RK2 scheme with different slope limiters are compared. Numerical results show that the slope limiters affect the stability requirement in the DG method. The RK2 scheme is generally more diffusive than the EF scheme, and the RK2 scheme allows larger time step sizes. The EF scheme is found to be more efficient and accurate than the RK2 scheme in the DG method in computation.     

An efficiency measurement model for a computerized warehousing system

This paper introduces a model for efficient utilization of warehouse personnel in an inventory selection process. A simple mathematical model, based on a time study that can be applied to establishing standards for efficiency measurement of labour in a warehouse setting is presented. The problem of determining a standard to compute performance in an environment with variable workload is solved by using an adjustable standard for each particular assignment. Specifically the proposed model is designed to estimate the time required to complete a picking cycle. Three time components are considered; the lead time, travel time, and non-efficient time. The results of an empirical study are used to set the values of system parameters.

The use of a computer system that can generate order lists is essential for an effective application of this methodology. Useful information can be obtained that can aid managers in formulating and implementing incentive plans and for controlling the labour cost which represents a major proportion of the total cost in warehouse operation.     

Chaos based key expansion function for block ciphers

The Key Expansion Function is a vital constituent component of any block cipher. Many of Key Expansion Functions generate subkeys through the algorithms which are based on Feistel or Substitution Permutation Network (SPN) structures against which cryptanalytic methods have been well researched. In this very paper, an efficient method for generating subkeys based on chaotic maps has been suggested. The phenomenon behind the proposed Key Expansion Function is the mixing property of Tent Map. Using chaotic binary sequences, the proposed Key Expansion Function satisfies the specific statistical and cryptographic properties of chaotic generators. A new Bit Extraction Technique based on IEEE-754 Floating-point Standard (binary32) is used to extract the bits of subkeys from the chaotic binary sequences. The generated subkeys are then analyzed. The results show that the given Chaos-based Key Expansion Function is well protected and fully strengthened in all respects.     

Radiation induced decontamination of Cr(Ⅵ), Cu(Ⅱ) and phenol in some tannery effluents

Industrialization has led to a number of environmental problems, such as release of toxic metals and other toxic organic and inorganic compounds to the environment. Among all, the rapid expansion of leather related industries in Pakistan have resulted in considerable environmental problems and effluents from processing of both domestic and imported hides and skins have increased pollution to alarming levels. Some tannery effluents of Peshawar area investigated in the present study showed high concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) (2.7-12.6 mg/L), Cu(Ⅱ) (2.6-11.4 mg/L) and phenol (0.1-4.2 mg/L). These contaminants are very toxic and must be removed from effluents before releasing into water bodies. A new technique of gamma irradiation has been investigated to decrease the load of COD and concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ), Cu(Ⅱ) and phenol associated with tannery effluents to the permitted values. It was observed that concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) in the effluents can be brought to the permitted level by applying radiation dose of 3 kGy. A radiation dose of 2.5 kGy was required to remove more than 95% of Cu(Ⅱ) and 100 % degradation of phenol in tannery effluents could be achieved by only one kGy of radiation dose.