The Thailand experience in natural gas development

We describe the development of Thailand's natural gas industry, including exploration, supply, transmission, and utilization. Activities in this area started more than 10 years ago with exploration for petroleum in the Gulf of Thailand. The main transmission pipeline for natural gas from the reserves in the Gulf of Thailand to two power plants in Bangkok has been completed. The natural gas that is being delivered and which is planned for up to 1990 has all been committed to supply domestic demand in order to save energy cost, reduce foreign currency outflow, reduce dependency on imported petroleum, and provide feedstock for basic petrochemical industries. These targets have been set and based on offshore gas reserves of 16 × 10¹² ft³ supplying gas at a rate of $\text{700 × 10}{}^6\text{ft}{}^3\text{/d}$ by 1990. However, the discovery of new gas and oil reserves onshore in the central part of Thailand may provide new opportunities for Thailand to earn foreign exchange through the export of excess petroleum in the future.     

Study of the partition coefficients Kp/f of seven model migrants from LDPE polymer in contact with food simulants

This study evaluated the influence of parameters such as temperature and type of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film on the log K_p/f values of seven model migrants in food simulants. Two different types of LDPE films contaminated by extrusion and immersion were placed in contact with three food simulants including 20% ethanol, 50% ethanol and olive oil under several time–temperature conditions. Results suggest that most log K_p/f values are little affected by these parameters in this study. In addition, the relation between log K_p/f and log P_o/w was established for each food simulant and regression lines, as well as correlation coefficients, were calculated. Correlations were compared with data from real foodstuffs. Data presented in this study could be valuable in assigning certain foods to particular food simulants as well as predicting the mass transfer of potential migrants into different types of food or food simulants, avoiding tedious and expensive laboratory analysis. The results could be especially useful for regulatory agencies as well as for the food industry.