The influence of heat-treatment on the current-voltage behavior of the ZnO-Bi2O3 based varistors

The post-sintering heat treatment on the current-voltage behavior of the ZnO-Bi₂O₃ based varistors is reported. It is suggested that only phase transition of the Bi₂O₃ is not alone responsible for the resulting electrical performance by these devices. The ambient condition influences the performance parameters. Thus, incorporating the role of oxygen and zinc interstitial in the total device during the post-sintering heat-treatment is accounted as responsible parameters for the ultimate performance. Two recipes are used in demonstrating the effect of heat-treatment on the functional behavior of the devices.     

Admittance—Frequency Response in Zinc Oxide Varistor Ceramics

The lumped parameter/complex plane analysis technique revealed several contributions to the terminal admittance of the ZnO—Bi₂O₃ based varistor grain-boundary ac response. The terminal capacitance has been elucidated via the multiple trapping phenomena, a barrier layer polarization, and a resonance effect in the frequency range 10⁻²≤ f ≤ 10⁹ Hz. The characterization of the trapping relaxation behavior near ∼ 10⁵ Hz (∼ 10⁻⁶ s) provided a better understanding of a previously reported loss-peak. The possible nonuniformity in this trapping activity associated with its conductance term observed via the depression angle of a semicircular relaxation in the complex capacitance ( C *) plane has been postulated.     

Discrete‐time output feedback for Markov jump systems with uncertain transition probabilities

This article addresses the output feedback control for discrete‐time Markov jump linear systems. With fully known transition probability, sufficient conditions for an internal model based controller design are obtained. For the case where the transition probabilities are uncertain and belong to a convex polytope with known vertices, we provide a sufficient LMI condition that guarantees the norm of the closed‐loop system is below a prescribed level. That condition can be improved through an iterative procedure. Additionally, we are able to deal with the case of cluster availability of the Markov mode, provided that some system matrices do not vary within a given cluster, an assumption that is suitable to deal with packet dropout models for networked control systems. A numerical example shows the applicability of the design and compares it with previous results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Lattice-Boltzmann Method on Optimal Sampling Lattices

In this paper, we extend the single relaxation time Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM) to the 3D body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice. We show that the D3bQ15 lattice defined by a 15 neighborhood connectivity of the BCC lattice is not only capable of more accurately discretizing the velocity space of the continuous Boltzmann equation as compared to the D3Q15 Cartesian lattice, it also achieves a comparable spatial discretization with 30 percent less samples. We validate the accuracy of our proposed lattice by investigating its performance on the 3D lid-driven cavity flow problem and show that the D3bQ15 lattice offers significant cost savings while maintaining a comparable accuracy. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method and the impact on graphics and visualization techniques via the application of line-integral convolution on 2D slices as well as the extraction of streamlines of the 3D flow. We further study the benefits of our proposed lattice by applying it to the problem of simulating smoke and show that the D3bQ15 lattice yields more detail and turbulence at a reduced computational cost.     

Exploring network-level performances of wireless nanonetworks utilizing gains of different types of nano-antennas with different materials

Wireless nanonetworks are not a simple extension of traditional communication networks at the nano-scale. Owing to being a completely new communication paradigm, existing research in this field is still at an embryonic stage. Furthermore, most of the existing studies focus on performance enhancement of nanonetworks via designing new channel models and routing protocols. However, the impacts of different types of nano-antennas on the network-level performances of the wireless nanonetworks remain still unexplored in the literature. Therefore, in this paper, we explore the impacts of different well-known types of antennas such as patch, dipole, and loop nano-antennas on the network-level performances of wireless nanonetworks. We also investigate the performances of nanonetworks for different types of traditional materials (e.g., copper) and for nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes and graphene). We perform rigorous simulation using our customized ns-2 simulation to evaluate the network-level performances of nanonetworks exploiting different types of nano-antennas using different materials. Our evaluation reveals a number of novel findings pertinent to finding an efficient nano-antenna from its several alternatives for enhancing network-level performances of nanonetworks. Our evaluation demonstrates that a dipole nano-antenna using copper material exhibits around 51% better throughput and about 33% better end-to-end delay compared to other alternatives for large-size nanonetworks. Furthermore, our results are expected to exhibit high impacts on the future design of wireless nanonetworks through facilitating the process of finding the suitable type of nano-antenna and suitable material for the nano-antennas.

     

复配改良剂对洋葱浆馕品质的影响

以洋葱浆馕为研究对象,分别探讨单硬脂酸甘油酯、大豆磷脂、α-淀粉酶和甘油4种改良剂对其感官评分和硬度的影响,以硬度为响应值,通过响应面分析法确定复配改良剂的最佳组合.结果表明,与对照组相比,单一改良剂均能改善洋葱浆馕的感官和硬度,延缓馕老化的速率.各因素添加量对洋葱浆馕硬度的影响主次顺序均为:α-淀粉酶>单甘酯>甘油>...     

Effect of radiation on natural convection flow on a sphere in presence of heat generation

Effect of radiation on natural convection flow around a sphere in presence of heat generation has been investigated. The governing equations are transformed into dimensionless non-similar equations by using a set of suitable transformations and solved numerically by the finite difference method along with Newton's linearization approximation. We have focused our attention on the evaluation of velocity profiles, temperature profiles, shear stress in terms of local skin friction and the rate of heat transfer in terms of local Nusselt number for different values of heat generation parameter, radiation parameter and the Prandlt number and the numerical results have been shown graphically.     

超声波处理后CPAM性能变化及其对纸张增强作用的研究

本文研究了超声波处理阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)溶液后溶液性能的变化及其作为纸张增强剂对纸张强度性能的影响.研究结果表明,超声波处理后,CPAM溶液的粘度随着超声波功率的增大及处理时间的增加而逐渐降低.随着超声波处理时间的增加,CPAM溶液Zeta电位逐渐减低;相同处理时间条件下,超声波功率大,其Zeta电位更低.不同条件下超声波处理的CPAM溶液对纸张强度性能的作用效果有较大的差别,其中400w处理14min后的CPAM对纸张增强作用效果相对最好,当其用量为0.1%(对绝干浆)时,纸张抗张指数提高了18.1%,耐破指数提高了18.8%,撕裂指数略有提高,但幅度变化不大.