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排序方式: 共有287条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Marthe Jordbrekk Blikra Sigrun Henjum Inger Aakre 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2022,21(2):1517-1536
Brown algae are becoming increasingly popular as a food source and dietary supplement in Europe and other Western countries. As they are highly rich in iodine, they represent a potential new dietary iodine source. Iodine deficiency has been re-emerging in Europe, and it is important to ensure adequate intake through one's diet. However, macroalgae, and especially brown algae, may contain very high amounts of iodine, and both iodine deficiency and excessive iodine may increase the risk of negative health effects. The iodine content of algae or foods containing algae is currently not regulated in the European Union. The aim of this paper is to review the literature to determine the chemical species of iodine in brown algae, the loss of iodine during processing, and the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of iodine. A systematic search of the literature was performed in April 2021, via the databases Web of Science and PubMed. The review includes studies of iodine in brown macroalgae in relation to bioavailability, bioaccessibility, processing and speciation. A meta-analysis was conducted in relation to the following topics: (i) the correlation between total iodine and iodide (I–) content in brown algae; (ii) the correlation between the loss of iodine during processing and the I– content; and (iii) the correlation between bioavailability and the I– content. The bioavailability of iodine from brown algae was generally high, with in vivo bioavailability ranging from 31% to 90%. The in vitro bioavailability of iodine (2%–28%) was systematically lower than in vivo bioavailability (31%–90%), indicating an inadequate in vitro methodology. Processing may reduce the iodine content of brown algae, and a higher I– content was positively correlated with increased iodine loss during processing. Although processing strategies may reduce the iodine content of brown algae significantly, the iodine content may still be high after processing. These findings may be used in food safety evaluations of brown algae as well as in the development of macroalgae-containing foods with iodine contents suitable for human consumption. Further research on processing techniques to reduce the iodine content in brown macroalgae are warranted. 相似文献
2.
Three variable microsatellite loci have been isolated from the American lobster, Homarus americanus. In a population sample from the Gulf of Maine, the effective numbers of alleles (Ne) for the two most variable loci were 16.33 and 13.19, respectively. Reduced variability at all three loci was seen in the European lobster, H. gammarus, for which the maximum Ne was 4.00. The reduction in variability in H. gammarus is consistent with a bottleneck event. Inheritance analysis using H. americanus demonstrated segregation of codominant alleles and the absence of linkage. Null alleles were observed at two loci in inheritance studies. This study demonstrates that microsatellite loci should be useful in studying the population structure of clawed lobsters. 相似文献
3.
This paper discusses the simulation of bubbling gas-solid flows by using the Eulerian two-fluid approach. Predictions of particle motion, bed expansion, bubble size and bubble velocity in bubbling beds containing Geldart B particles are compared with experimental results and correlations found in the literature. In addition, gas mixing in a bed of Geldart A particles is investigated.An in-house code has been developed based on the finite-volume method and the time-splitting approach using a staggered grid arrangement. The velocities in both phases are obtained by solving the 2D Reynolds-averaged Navier/Stokes equations using a partial elimination algorithm (PEA) and a coupled solver. The k-ε turbulence model is used to describe the turbulent quantities in the continuous phase.In general, the model predictions are in good agreement with experimental data found in the literature. Most important observations are: the level of the restitution coefficient was found to be crucial in order to obtain successful results from 2D axisymmetric simulations of a system containing Geldart B particles. Bubble size and bubble rise velocities are not as sensitive to the restitution coefficient. The turbulence model is of outmost importance concerning gas mixing in a fluidized bed of Geldart A particles.From these numerical analyzes an optimized granular flow two-fluid model can be designed for the purpose of simulating reactive systems in fluidized bed reactors. 相似文献
4.
Tao Dong Zhaochu Yang Qianhua Su Nhut Minh Tran Eirik Bentzen Egeland Frank Karlsen Yulong Zhang Matteo Joseph Kapiris Henrik Jakobsen 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2011,10(4):855-865
This study addresses the need to reduce the risk of clogging when preparing samples for cell concentration, i.e., the CaSki
Cell-lines (epidermoid cervical carcinoma cells). Aiming to develop a non-clogging microconcentrator, we proposed a new counter-flow
concentration unit characterized by the directions of penetrating flows being at an obtuse angle to the main flow, due to
employment of streamlined turbine blade-like micropillars. Based on the optimization results of the counter-flow unit profile,
a fractal arrangement for the counter-flow concentration unit was developed. A counter-flow microconcentrator chip was then
designed and fabricated, with both the processing layer and collecting layer arranged in terms of the honeycomb structure.
Visualized experiments using CaSki cell samples on the microconcentrator chip demonstrated that no cell-clogging phenomena
occurred during the test and that no cells were found in the final filtrate. The test results show an excellent concentration
performance for the microconcentrator chip, while a concentrating ratio of >4 with the flow rate being below 1.0 ml/min. As
only geometrical structure is employed in the passive device, the counter-flow microconcentrator can be easily integrated
into advanced microfluidic systems. Owing to the merit of non-clogging and continuous processing ability, the counter-flow
microconcentrator is not only suitable for the sample preparation within biomedical field, but also applicable in water-particle
separation. 相似文献
5.
Bin Xiao Tao Dong Einar Halvorsen Zhaochu Yang Yulong Zhang Nils Hoivik Dandan Gu Nhut Minh Tran Henrik Jakobsen 《Microsystem Technologies》2011,17(1):115-125
This paper presents the design and fabrication of a micro Pirani gauge using VO
x
as the sensitive material for monitoring the pressure inside a hermetical package for micro bolometer focal plane arrays
(FPAs). The designed Pirani gauge working in heat dissipating mode was intentionally fabricated using standard MEMS processing
which is highly compatible with the FPAs fabrication. The functional layer of the micro Pirani gauge is a VO
x
thin film designed as a 100 × 200 μm pixel, suspended 2 μm above the substrate. By modeling of rarefied gas heat conduction
using the Extended Fourier’s law, finite element analysis is used to investigate the sensitivity of the pressure gauge. Also
the thermal interactions between the micro Pirani gauge and bolometer FPAs are verified. From the fabricated prototype, the
measured device TCR is about −0.8% K−1 and the sensitivity about 1.84 × 10−3 W K−1 mbar−1. 相似文献
6.
Lee Spencer Martin Jakobsen Sunay Shah Graham Cairns 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2013,21(8):352-360
There has been a rapid increase in the resolution of small‐sized and medium‐sized displays. This study determines an upper discernible limit for display resolution. A range of resolutions varying from 254–1016 PPI were evaluated using simulated display by 49 subjects at 300 mm viewing distance. The results of the study conclusively show that users can discriminate between 339 and 508 PPI and in many cases between 508 and 1016 PPI. 相似文献
7.
Mark William Kennedy Kexu Zhang Robert Fritzsch Shahid Akhtar Jon Arne Bakken Ragnhild E. Aune 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2013,44(3):671-690
In the current study, the morphology including tortuosity, and the permeability of 50-mm thick commercially available 30, 40, 50, and 80 pores per inch (PPI) alumina ceramic foam filters (CFFs) have been investigated. Measurements have been taken of cell (pore), window, and strut sizes, porosity, tortuosity, and liquid permeability. Water velocities from ~0.015 to 0.77 m/s have been used to derive both first-order (Darcy) and second-order (Non-Darcy) terms for being used with the Forchheimer equation. Measurements were made using 49-mm “straight through” and 101-mm diameter “expanding flow field” designs. Results from the two designs are compared with calculations made using COMSOL 4.2a® 2D axial symmetric finite element modeling (FEM), as a function of velocity and filter PPI. Permeability results are correlated using directly measurable parameters and compared with the previously published results. Development of improved wall sealing (49 mm) and elimination of wall effects (101 mm) have led to a high level of agreement between experimental, analytic, and FEM methods (±0 to 7 pct on predicted pressure drop) for both types of experiments. Tortuosity has been determined by two inductive methods, one using cold-solidified samples at 60 kHz and the other using liquid metal at 50 Hz, giving comparable results. 相似文献
8.
9.
A review of the statistical turbulence theory required extending the population balance closure models to the entire spectrum of turbulence 下载免费PDF全文
The models for fluid particle breakage and coalescence due to turbulence are generally limited to the inertial subrange of isotropic turbulence and infinite Reynolds numbers. A rigorous procedure for extending the fluid particle breakage and coalescence closures to the entire spectrum of isotropic turbulence and for a wider range of Reynolds numbers can be established based on statistical turbulence theory. The modeling procedure consists of a three‐dimensional (3‐D) literature model energy spectrum for the dissipation, inertial, and energy containing subranges of isotropic turbulence, and an exact literature integral relation for determining the second‐order longitudinal structure function from the 3‐D energy spectrum. A review of the requisite statistical turbulence theory and the use of the model energy spectrum is provided, because the necessary details are not easily accessible in the chemical engineering literature and misconceptions are found in the publications of the previous modeling attempts. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1795–1820, 2016 相似文献
10.