Effect of soy protein supplementation on the quality of ripening Cheddar-type cheese

The impact of soy protein isolate on the proteolysis and organoleptic properties of Cheddar-type cheese during ripening was studied. Cheese was prepared from cow's milk (control) and cow's milk plus soy protein isolate by using a starter culture of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp . bulgaricus, and then ripened at 12  ±  1°C for 3 and 5 months. The molecular weight range and peptide fraction in the cheeses were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sensory evaluation was used to compare the flavour, body, texture and appearance of the cheeses. The results show that the molecular weight range (9924–9966  Da) in the control cheese was larger than that (6954–6957   Da) in the soy protein-treated cheese and the microstructure in the latter was less compact than in the control cheese. In the sensory evaluation, higher scores were given for some experimental cheese than the control cheese. After 5 months of ripening, the organoleptic properties of the cheese had markedly improved and no bitter off-flavour was detected in the treated cheeses. It was concluded that soy protein could be used to improve the quality of cheese and the addition of 5% soy protein isolate could be recommended for improving the flavour and texture of Cheddar-type soy supplemented cheese.     

Extraction of Niobium and Tantalum from Nitrate and Sulfate Media by Using MIBK

Abstract

The niobium-tantalum ore material obtained from Ras Baroud locality in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt, consists mainly of two minerals namely: columbite and alvarolite. The extractive separation of niobium(V) and tantalum(V) from the acid media HF-HNO₃or HF-H₂SO₄ have been worked out using methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as an extractant.

The extraction system HF-H₂SO₄-MIBK proved to have the most promising separation effect with the highest purity of each niobium and tantalum oxides.

The optimum loading conditions in HF-H₂SO₄-MIBK system were: O/A = 10/1.15 minutes contact time, 100% MIBK. while the feed solution assayed 4.3 N HF and 5.7 N H₂SO₄. Moreover, the stripping process was performed with 1.0 N HF and distilled water in subsequent steps.     

A new fault independent test generation algorithm for combinational logic circuits

In order to improve the performance of fault independent test generation algorithms, two strategies are proposed: a critical lines maximization strategy (CLM) and a critical primary inputs flipping strategy (CPF). CLM is used to maximize the number of detected faults while generating a test pattern. CPF is used to derive new test pattern(s) from a generated test pattern with little additional effort. A new fault independent test generation algorithm (MAX) based on these strategies is introduced and illustrated.     

Extraction of Niobium and Tantalum from Nitrate and Sulfate Media by Using MIBK

The niobium–tantalum ore material obtained from Ras Baroud locality in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt, consists mainly of two minerals namely: columbite and alvarolite. The extractive separation of niobium(V) and tantalum(V) from the acid media HF–HNO₃ or HF–H₂SO₄ have been worked out using methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as an extractant.