降低成品油二次物流运输成本的思考

介绍了传统成品油进货和管理模式存在的诸如成品油物流以行政区划、中问环节多、信息化程度不高、运输路线未优化造成物流成本提高等问题。提出要降低成品油二次物流运输成本，当务之急是加强成品油物流的信息化建设；调整管理模式，打破行政区域界限，开展经济辐射半径内的库站物流配送；引进竞争机制，打破运输垄断，一、二次物流结合，大、小车型搭配，提高运营效率；做好运杂费全面预算、核算及运行费用的过程控制。     

Containerless solidification of highly undercooled mullite melts: Crystal growth behavior and microstructure formation

A mullite (3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂) sample has been levitated and undercooled in an aero-acoustic levitator, so as to investigate the solidification behavior in a containerless condition. Crystal-growth velocities are measured as a function of melt undercoolings, which increase slowly with melt undercoolings up to 380 K and then increase quickly when undercoolings exceed 400 K. In order to elucidate the crystal growth and solidification behavior, the relationship of melt viscosities as a function of melt undercoolings is established on the basis of the fact that molten mullite melts are fragile, from which the atomic diffusivity is calculated via the Einstein-Stokes equation. The interface kinetics is analyzed when considering atomic diffusivities. The crystal-growth velocity vs melt undercooling is calculated based on the classical rate theory. Interestingly, two different microstructures are observed; one exhibits a straight, faceted rod without any branching with melt undercoolings up to 400 K, and the other is a feathery faceted dendrite when undercoolings exceed 400 K. The formation of these morphologies is discussed, taking into account the contributions of constitutional and kinetic undercoolings at different bulk undercoolings.     

内燃机油添加剂之间相互作用的研究

探讨了内燃机油添加剂之间的相互作用，磺酸盐与水杨酸盐的相容性差，混合后有沉淀物生产；水杨酸盐与丁二酰亚胺，ＺＤＤＰ有较弱的相互作用，添加量小时无沉淀物生成，添加量大时才有沉淀物生成；磺酸盐与丁二酰亚胺，ＺＤＤＰ的相容性好，混合后沉淀物生成。该结论为内燃机油的调配，贮存和全用提供了科学依据。     

COIL中BHP浓度对发生O_2(~1△)的影响

本文实验研究了BHP的浓度对产生O2（1△）的影响。实验结果表明：当BHP浓度大于3.5M时，Cl2利用率以及O2（1△）的产率将不依赖于BHP浓度的变化而变化，同时，实验结果表明，使用低浓度的BHP对COIL的操作是可行的。     

剂量率对聚四氟乙烯辐射裂解的影响

本文研究了在以电子加速器的电子射线为辐射源时,剂量率对PTFE辐射裂解的影响。在剂量相同的条件下,剂量率从1.44×10~4 rad/s增至5.75×10~4 rad/s,裂解效率提高3.3倍。剂量率和各断裂参数(单位剂量裂解度a_0,G(s)值等)均成线性关系。当裂解度一定时,剂量率与剂量成反变关系。     

非标压力机箱形主梁全约束优化设计

根据非标设备结构优化问题的特点,给出满足《钢结构设计规范》(GBJ17 88)规定的箱形主梁全约束优化设计方 法。将编制的内罚函数法优化程序应用于主梁的设计,计算结果表明,该优化方法可应用于实际设计。     

光折变晶体Cu:KNSBN的多重图像存贮实验研究

目前,光折变非线性元件在光学并行图像处理中有着非常广泛的应用。光折变晶体用于图像边缘增强,图像加、减运算,非相干—相干转换(PICOC),图像相关和卷积运算等研究已取得显著成果。本文研究了Cu;KNSBN晶体中多重图像的存贮问题,指出可以利用这种技术实现光学目标识别并给出了一些初步实验结果。此外,还从理论上分析了具有相同衍射效率的多重全息信息记录技术。     

Towards a theoretical framework of strategic decision, supporting capability and information sharing under the context of Internet of Things

The effective strategy of Internet of Things (IoT) can help firms to grasp the emerging opportunities from the IoT and then improve their competitive advantage. In this article, based on organizational capability perspective, we provide a theoretical framework which classifies IoT strategies into four archetypes from two dimensions of managers’ strategic intent and industrial driving force, and propose that market-based exploratory capabilities play a more important role for firms adopting get-ahead strategy, and market-based exploitative capabilities play a more important role for firms adopting catch-up strategy in market. The technology-based exploratory capabilities play a more important role for firms adopting get-ahead strategy in technology, and technology-based exploitative capabilities play a more important role for firms adopting catch-up strategy in technology. Especially, external industry information sharing more efficiently contributes to the enhancement of both market-based and technology-based exploratory capabilities, and internal industry information sharing more efficiently contributes to the enhancement of both market-based and technology-based exploitative capabilities.     

基于通信干扰观测器的网络控制系统研究

网络控制系统有着极其广泛的应用背景。为克服网络控制系统中含有延迟、数据包顺序混乱等问题造成的系统性能降低甚至不稳定,提出了采用通信干扰观测器策略进行解决的方案。以某网络控制调速系统为例,介绍了系统的设计和参数调节方法。在Simulink环境下进行了全面的仿真验证,结果显示改进方法能有效处理网络系统中的延迟问题,且对延迟变化具有很强的适应能力,保证了系统的稳定性和性能。     

基于离散裂缝模型的页岩油储层压裂渗吸数值模拟

对于含黏土矿物较高的页岩油储层,地层水的矿化度可高达4.786×103 mol·m?3,压裂过程中与注入的低矿化度压裂液形成的渗透压作用显著。为探究渗透压对渗吸的影响作用,建立了综合考虑渗透压和毛管力渗吸作用的油水两相二维离散裂缝网络模型,开展了页岩油储层压裂液泵注和关井阶段渗透压、毛管力、关井时间、盐浓度、膜效率、分支缝面积占比等对渗吸的影响规律研究。结果表明:①滤失主要由压力差、毛管力和渗透压3种机制驱动,其中压力差是滤失的关键控制机制;②关井时间对压裂液的渗吸作用影响较大,关井50 d时,前15 d渗吸量可达到总渗吸量的80%,且关井压力扩散会波及到两侧压裂段;③与压力扩散相比,渗透压达到平衡的时间较长,对于地层水矿化度为4.786×103 mol·m?3的情况,裂缝附近的矿化度达到600 mol·m?3左右所需关井时间为50 d;④由于压力差是渗吸主要驱动力,页岩膜效率对渗透压力扩散影响微弱,页岩膜效率30%与5%相比渗吸量仅增加4%;⑤对于密切割压裂,关井后,含水饱和度受小间距水力裂缝控制,分支缝对渗吸含水饱和度的影响有限。