NITRITE REDUCTASE IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM

A nitrite reductase was identified and purified 11 -fold from the cytoplasmic fraction of Salmonella typhimurium grown anaerobically with nitrite as the sole nitrogen source. The enzyme required NADH as a cofactor and showed maximum in vitro reductase activity at pH 8.0.
S. typhimurium, grown anaerobically in glucose-limited minimal medium containing peptone and nitrite, showed shorter generation times and increased cell yields in comparison to nitrite-free cultures. The presence of nitrite had no effect on aerobic cultures. The nitrite reductase functions in a dissimilatory manner and appears to be primarily involved in physiological energy generation during anaerobic growth. The nitrite reductase may function to remove excess reducing power in the form of NADH from the cell thus increasing ATP production during the anaerobic fermentation of glucose. The formation and subsequent assimilation of ammonia from nitrite is of secondary importance to the organism.     

Dynamic control in automated manufacturing: a knowledge integrated approach†

Flexibly automated facilities permit a wider variety of products as well as objectives for making those products—thus requiring manufacturing control strategies to face an environment of ever present change. To operate in this environment, a system composed of hard automation, flexible automation and humans, which can be responsive to product and process requirements, machine breakdowns and delays, engineering changes and improvement opportunities, is needed. Such a system does not fall into the realm of any current manufacturing solution techniques. Something more than exact optimization, heuristic algorithms or stochastic estimates must be utilized. The research discussed herein describes a dynamic solution strategy to operate in this changing environment with adaptive self-improving characteristics. The proposed methodology for optimizing the control of an automated manufacturing facility is an integrated approach utilizing real-time feedback from the operating facility, direct feedback from a simulation of the facility and guidance from a historical knowledge base. This system is being implemented in a knowledge based environment called CAYENE. CAYENE is a hybrid artificial intelligence system, written in Lisp, based on the idea of using object oriented programming as a unifying principle for functional, frame and rule-based programming.     

Effect of Volatile Components of Carrot Seed Oil on Growth and Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus parasiticus

The effect of the volatile fraction of carrot seed oil (VCSO) and its components on the growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus was studied. Geraniol, citral and terpineol prevented growth and therefore aflatoxin production. VCSO inhibited growth and no aflatoxin was produced. Limonene and terpinene did not affect growth but inhibited aflatoxin production. The addition of VCSO, limonene and terpinene decreased the rate of primary metabolism as demonstrated by the higher final pH of the medium. VCSO, limonene and terpinene reduced the growth rate, measured by the incorporation of [³H] amino acids into trichloracetic acid (TCA) insoluble protein. The addition of VCSO at anytime up to 5 days reduced the aflatoxin accumulation at 7 days.     

Spontaneous Cracking in Unfired Magnesia Compacts Upon Standing in Air

Analytical-grade magnesium oxide powder without binder was compressed hydrostatically to 50,000 lb. per sq. in. to form compacts. When exposed to moist air immediately after pressing, these compacts developed irregularly shaped cracks. Controlled tests, in which these compacts were exposed for various lengths of time to various atmospheres, indicated that in general water vapor, carbon dioxide, and residual stresses had to be present if cracking was to occur. The probable cause of the cracking was the formation of a less dense and mechanically weak basic carbonate of magnesium at crystallite surface points of high stress concentration which developed during the compacting. The adsorption of dry CO₂ at such sites prevented subsequent delayed fracture.     

MICROFLORA OF FRESH PORK SAUSAGE CASINGS. 2. Natural Casings

SUMMARY– Aerobic total plate counts on TGE Agar at 28°C varied from a level greater than 30,000 to 59,000,000 microorganisms per gram in salt-packed natural casings and from 180,000 to 23,000,000 organisms per gram in wet-packed natural casings. Both salt-packed and wet-packed casings supported similar growth patterns in selective media. 38 isolates were identified from the salt-packed casings and 53 from the wet-packed. Of the salt-packed isolates, 60.5% were of the genus Bacillus, 7.9% Pseudomonas, 15.8% Clostridium, 1.6% Micrococcus and 5.3% Gaffkya Those isolates obtained from the wet-packed casings included 62.3% Bacillus, 7.5% Pseudomonas, 7.5% Clostridium, 7.5% Micrococcus, 5.6% Proteus, 1.9% Lactobacillus and 5.7% unidentified.     

TEXTURAL CHANGES IN PRECOOKED LOBSTER (Homarus americanus) MEAT RESULTING FROM RADURIZATION FOLLOWED BY REFRIGERATED STORAGE

The textural changes of radurized precooked lobster meat were evaluated by the organoleptic chew count method and the Warner-Bratzler shear test. Significant texture toughening resulted from irradiation with 100 Krads whereas at 75 Krads the changes were not significant. The texture did not change significantly during post-irradiation storage at refrigeration temperatures.     

TOLERATION FOR PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION AS A FUNCTION OF COPING STYLE.

INVESTIGATED WHETHER CONTINUATION OF A PATIENT IN A COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM OF COMMUNITY-BASED PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION WAS RELATED TO HIS OVERALL STYLE OF COPING BEHAVIOR. EARLY IN THE SERVICE PROGRAM, 86 EX-MENTAL-PATIENTS WERE INDEPENDENTLY RATED B8 5-7 PROFESSIONALS ON A 7-CATEGORY SCALE: FEARFUL, DEPENDENT, IMPULSIVE, SOCIALLY NAIVE, WITHDRAWN, SELF-DEPRECATORY, HOSTILE. AT THE CLOSE OF THE PROGRAM, THEY WERE CLASSIFIED INTO 3 GROUPS: 30 SS WHO COMPLETED THEIR ASSIGNED REHABILITATION PROGRAM, 30 SS WHO DROPPED OUT BEFORE COMPLETION, AND 23 SS WHO WERE ADMINISTRATIVELY TERMINATED. RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE COPING SCALE WAS A RELIABLE ASSESSMENT DEVICE. COMPLETERS WERE JUDGED AS SIGNIFICANTLY LESS IMPULSIVE AND SOCIALLY NAIVE AND SIGNIFICANTLY MORE SELF-DEPRECATORY THAN THE OTHER 2 GROUPS COMBINED; THOSE TERMINATED DIFFERED FROM DROPOUTS ONLY IN THAT THE FORMER WERE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE SOCIALLY NAIVE. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)