基于多孔混凝土的植草沟(GP水沟)降污能力研究

GP水沟(grassed swale based on porous concrete)是一种综合植草沟技术和植生多孔混凝土技术而成的一种集排水、水初步处理、绿化、环境保护和生态修复为一体的典型低影响开发(low impact development)公路用排水技术。通过修建一条50 m长、按水力学原理等比例缩小梯型试验用GP水沟,并往所建水沟中注入典型高速公路排水污水,待水沟中水流流速达到稳定并且停留时间在5 min的时候,从间距10 m的6个检测点同时采集水样以检测GP水沟对污水中污染物的去除能力。研究结果表明,GP水沟具有优异的污染物去除能力,在气温29℃,坡度1%,平均流速0.18 m/s,植草平均长度8 cm的条件下,水流在GP水沟中流经50 m的长度后,污水中各污染物的去除率为:SS 82%,TP 64%,Pb 98%,NH3—N 54%,Zn 97%。     

Integrated evaluation system under randomness and fuzziness for groundwater contamination risk assessment in a little town,Central China简

An integrated evaluation system under randomness and fuzziness was developed in this work to systematically assess the risk of groundwater contamination in a little town, Central China. In this system, randomness of the parameters and the fuzziness of the risk were considered simultaneously, and the exceeding standard probability of contamination and human health risk due to the contamination were integrated. The contamination risk was defined as a combination of ＂vulnerability＂ and ＂hazard＂. To calculate the value of ＂vulnerability＂, pollutant concentration was simulated by MODFLOW with random input variables and a new modified health risk assessment （MRA） model was established to analyze the level of ＂hazard＂. The limit concentration based on environmental-guideline and health risk due to manganese were systematically examined to obtain the general risk levels through a fuzzy rule base. The ＂vulnerability＂ and ＂hazard＂ were divided into five categories of ＂high＂, ＂medium-high＂, ＂medium＂, ＂low-medium＂ and ＂low＂, respectively. Then, ＂vulnerability＂ and ＂hazard＂ were firstly combined by integrated evaluation. Compared with the other two scenarios under deterministic methods, the risk obtained in the proposed system is higher. This research illustrated that ignoring of uncertainties in evaluation process might underestimate the risk level.     

基于改进的潜在生态风险指数的霞湾港底泥重金属生态风险评价(英文)

基于潜在生态风险指数(RI)和风险评价代码(RAC),建立改进的潜在生态风险指数(MRI)。该方法考虑了单个重金属不同形态毒性的不同。以株洲霞湾港底泥为例,研究Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的污染状况及其形态特征,并分别运用潜在生态风险指数、风险评价代码以及改进的潜在生态风险指数3种方法对霞湾港底泥进行风险评价。实验数据显示,霞湾港底泥的重金属污染严重。根据改进的潜在生态风险指数,重金属生态风险呈现CdPbCuZn递减的顺序。通过对比得出,改进的生态风险评价综合了潜在生态风险指数和风险评价代码2种方法的优点,评价结果更加可靠,能够为风险管理提供一定的理论依据。