Hazard Classification of Holding Ponds for Liquid Radioactive Wastes

This paper is devoted to the development of a method for hazard classification of holding ponds at the Industrial Association Mayak, the Siberian Intergrated Chemical Plant, and the Integrated Iron-Mining and Mining-Chemical Plant. The method is based on a combined approach employing the qualitative characteristics and quantitative parameters of the ponds. The classification of holding ponds is intended to be used for developing the requirements for the composition and content of the documentation presented by enterprises for licensing the operation and decommissioning of holding ponds.     

Pd/Fiber glass and Pd/5% γ-Al2O3/Fiber glass catalysts by surface self-propagating thermal synthesis

The technique of Surface Self-propagating Thermal Synthesis (SSTS) was used to prepare Pd/??-Al₂O₃/fiber glass (FG) catalysts for selective liquid-phase hydrogenation of acetylene in the presence of CO. The results of XRD SR analysis (in synchrotron radiation) in combination with the technique of arrested combustion shed new light on the dynamic of phase transformations in the systems under study and variation in the size of diffraction-active crystallites. The catalytic performance of synthesized catalysts was found to be close to that of similar conventionally prepared catalysts. The EXAFS and TEM data afforded to estimate the variation in relative amounts of Pd⁰ and PdO in synthesized catalysts. In the course of selective hydrogenation, PdO rapidly (<15 min) reduced to Pd⁰.     

Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Liquid Aromatic Hydrocarbons Undistorted by Radiation Heat Transfer

The values of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are measured for seven substances (benzene, toluene, -n-m-xylenes, ethylbenzene, and isopropylbenzene) at temperatures T = 293–593 K and pressures P = P _S – 30 MPa. The obtained values of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity differ from the reference values by not more than 15%. The generalizing dependences are given, which describe the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and heat capacity per unit volume of n-alkanes, alkenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.     

The effect of condensation on the parameters of pulsed supersonic streams

We report on the results of mass-spectrometric measurements conducted in the pulsed supersonic streams of argon, nitrogen, and helium. Evolution of the time parameters of a stream determined as functions of the retarding pressure P ₀ is compared to the pattern of variation of the mass peak intensities corresponding to monomers and clusters. The transition of a gas flow into the condensation regime is accompanied by changes in the flight time and the halfwidth of the monomer signal measured in the molecular beam formed from the supersonic stream. It is demonstrated that the monitoring of the time parameters of a pulsed stream allows different condensation stages to be distinguished.     

Long-term prediction of the migration of radionuclides from solid radwaste storage sites at the Siberian Chemical Works

The results of a calculation of the migration of radionuclides from a repository for solid radioactive wastes from the reactor plant of the Siberian Chemical Works, performed using a method recommended by IAEA with the AMBER 4.4 computer program and by finding an analytical solution, are presented. Three scenarios for migration of radionuclides from the repository are described and estimates of their specific activity in the uppermost water layer and the results on an analysis of the sensitivity of models to a change in the input parameters are presented. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 103, No. 2, pp. 134–136, August, 2007.     

Mathematical simulation of the azimuthal-radial distribution of temperature in a well in the presence of heat sources

The results of theoretical investigations of radial and azimuthal distributions of temperature in a well-rock system in the presence of heat sources are presented. The problem considered is connected with determination of the intervals of fluid motion outside the column by thermal methods. It is shown that in the case of long existence of the channel of fluid overflow outside the column, useful information can be obtained by creating a “contrast” temperature, for example, by heating the fluid inside the casing and subsequently measuring the azimuthal distribution of temperature in the process of its recovery on disconnection of a heater. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 79, No. 5, pp. 80–82, September–October, 2006.     

Methods of reducing manganese consumption during steelmaking in a 600-ton open-hearth furnace

Karaganda Metallurgical Combine. Ural Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy (UralNIIChM). Translated from Metallurg, No. 6, p. 46, June, 1988.     

Investigation of the fluid catalytic cracking of different H-Oil vacuum gas oils and their blends with hydrotreated vacuum gas oil

H-Oil vacuum gas oils obtained during hydrocracking of vacuum residual oils originated from the crudes Russian Export Blend, Basrah light, and Heavy Kazakh were cracked in a mixture with a hydrotreated vacuum gas oil in the LUKOIL Neftohim Burgas commercial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. Some of the H-Oil vacuum gas oils were also cracked in a laboratory FCC (ACE) unit. The results from the commercial and the laboratory tests showed that the laboratory FCC experiments in an ACE unit can be used to evaluate the effect of feed quality on the commercial FCC unit performance. The assumption that the conversion of a vacuum gas oil (VGO) blend in the fluid catalytic cracking could be considered as a linear combination of the conversion of the individual components made by other researchers was also confirmed in this study. The higher the hydrogen content in the vacuum residual oil of a crude is the higher the FCC conversion of the H-Oil VGO, obtained during hydrocracking of that high saturate vacuum residual oil, will be expected.     

Extraction of iron from copper-plant slag

In the production of copper from sulfide ore, slag accumulates at the processing plant. In the present work, the phase transformations that occur in such slag during its reduction by the gasification products of carbon at 1100 and 1200°C are investigated. Experiments show that most of the iron present in such slag may be converted to metallic form by the gasification products of carbon in cupola furnaces at 1100°C. Subsequent increase in temperature to 1200°C improves the extraction of iron. In the indirect reduction of slag at temperatures above its melting point, metallic iron is mainly concentrated at the outer surface of the product, forming large inclusions that are easily extracted by magnetic separation. An expedient approach is to reduce laminar batch consisting of slag layers no thicker than 5 mm and interlayers of ground coal.