油气储运科技创新成果收益递进分成评估

油气储运业务的快速发展对科技创新提出更高要求,科学量化科技创新成果转化应用后取得的经济效益,成为激励创新、驱动发展的主要瓶颈与重大命题。借鉴要素分配、分享经济和收益分成理论,立足于油气储运科技创新成果价值贡献与创效方式、技术基本结构级序,建立科技创新成果收益递进分成评估方法。研究表明：（1）油气科技创新成果转化应用取得的总体经济效益是资本、劳动、技术和管理等生产要素协同作用的结果;（2）油气储运科技创新成果的收益分成率是核心参数,由技术要素分成基准值、技术要素收益递进分成基数、技术创新强度系数等关键参数确定;（3）三级技术要素递进分成基数是实现收益递进分成的关键工具;（4）单项技术的分成比例与技术自身创新创效能力、技术阶段等密切相关。实证表明,该方法可有效解决从总体到单一油气储运技术要素经济价值量化问题,为促进油气储运科技创新发展提供支持。     

矩形钢管混凝土柱的超声波检测试验及计算公式研究

分析了目前用于矩形钢管混凝土柱计算的三种理论,依据理论分析和钢管混凝土超声波检测的试验数据,提出了矩形钢管混凝土柱计算中叠加原理的应用论据。基于日本矩形钢管混凝土柱计算的叠加理论,按照计算简洁、概念明确和安全可靠的原则,确定了矩形钢管混凝土柱的计算公式,并用于天津市钢结构住宅设计规程(DB29—57—2003)。     

钢结构住宅的设计实践探索

文章从钢结构住宅试点工程设计实践出发，对合理的柱网开间，适用的构造做法，新型建材的采用以及钢结构住宅的个性化处理和经济分析等方面介绍了设计思路和方法，同时对在设计中发现的问题提出了自己的见解。     

Removal of fluoride ions from aqueous solution at low pH using schwertmannite

Wastewater containing fluoride requires polishing after precipitation/coagulation treatment in order to meet stringent environmental legislation. Accordingly, adsorption characteristics of fluoride onto schwertmannite adsorbent were studied in a batch system with respect to changes in initial concentration of fluoride, equilibrium pH of sample solution, adsorbent dosage and co-existing ions. Equilibrium adsorption data were obtained at 295.6, 303 and 313 K, and are interpreted in terms of two-site Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Tóth and Dubinin-Radushkevitch isotherm models. The experimental and equilibrium modeling results revealed that the capacity of schwertmannite for fluoride is high but insensitive to changes in solution temperature. An increase in equilibrium pH of sample solution reduced significantly the fluoride removal efficiency. In binary component systems, inner-sphere complex forming species had negative effects on fluoride adsorption while outer-sphere complex forming species improved slightly the fluoride removal efficiency. The schwertmannite adsorbent was regenerable and had the ability to lower the fluoride concentration to acceptable levels.     

Drag models, solids concentration and velocity distribution in a stirred tank

Drag force influences both the particle suspension and solids concentration distribution in a stirred tank. The influence of drag models on the prediction of solids suspension in a tank stirred by a hydrofoil impeller was studied in the present work using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental techniques. A comparison was made between the drag models based on Reynolds number only and those that take solid volume fraction into account or those that account for the effect of the free stream turbulence. One of the drag models investigated was a function of the energy dissipation rate, and therefore, the influence of the methods of determining the energy dissipation rate on the prediction of solids suspension was investigated. It was shown that a better agreement between the CFD simulation and experimental results can be obtained using drag models based on solids volume fraction than those that are based on Reynolds number only.     

UV and solar light photocatalytic removal of organic contaminants in municipal wastewater

This study investigated UV and solar photocatalysis of organic pollutants in municipal wastewater using metal-ion (Ag, Cu and Fe) doped TiO₂ photocatalysts. The effects of pH and catalyst dosage on photocatalytic performance were determined. The best performance was obtained using 0.5 g/L catalyst concentration and pH 6, and the treated water met specific requirements of the drinking water quality standards (phenol ≤10 μg/L) and wastewater effluents for discharge chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels (<30 mg/L). The photocatalysts were effective under both UV and visible light, thereby overcoming the limitation of TiO₂ which is only effective under UV light.     

油气田企业科研院所创新绩效评估模型构建与应用

常规科技绩效评估方法和评价指标已不能满足油气田企业科研院所创新绩效评估需要,亟须开展创新研究,构建相关评估模型与指标体系。油气田企业科研院所创新是全要素投入和创新成果应用创效的系统过程,其绩效模型构建应涵盖创新投入绩效、创新过程绩效、创新产出绩效、创新保障绩效等内容。研究建立的创新绩效评估指标体系涵盖4项一级指标、11项二级指标、22项三级指标。以某油气田企业为例开展实证研究,结果表明评估方法简单、易操作,可为油气田企业科研院所创新绩效评估提供方法,促进油气田企业实现科技自立自强。     

Ozonolysis Post-Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Distillery Wastewater Effluent

ABSTRACT

In this study, the ozonolysis of real anaerobically digested distillery wastewater (DWW) was carried out. The effect of operating parameters, such as pH, initial concentration, and ozone dosage, on the efficiency of ozone utilization, color removal, and sludge solubilization was studied. The highest ozone utilization of 99% was observed at the highest initial concentration (COD of 3000 mg/L) and lowest ozone flowrate (22.5 mg O₃/L/min), but with a very low color reduction of 20%, after 60 minutes of ozonolysis. To achieve a higher color reduction >80% and at ozone utilization >95%, the DWW had to be diluted twice (COD 1500 mg/L), and the flowrate doubled to 45 mg O₃/L/min. The reduction in color signified the oxidation of the color causing biorecalcitrant aromatic melanoidin compounds. This was confirmed by the 47% reduction in ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm indicating the breakdown of the complex aromatic compounds into low molecular weight organics. Moreover, increases in average oxidation state from ?0.6 to ?0.2 suggested a decline in aromaticity and formation of easily biodegradable aliphatic compounds. The ozonolysis process was found to follow the first-order reaction kinetic model with the highest rate constant of 0.0326 min^?1 obtained. A reduction in suspended COD by 88% indicated solubilization of the sludge contained in the effluent.     

Preparation of photo-catalytic copolymer grafted asymmetric membranes (N-TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-PMAA-g-PVDF/PAN) and their application on the degradation of bentazon in water

Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N–TiO₂) was prepared and supported on a novel copolymer grafted membrane matrix to avoid the problems associated with the removal of spent photocatalyst from treated water. Membranes of poly (methacrylic acid) grafted onto poly (vinylidene difluoride) and blended with poly (acrylonitrile) (PMAA-g-PVDF/PAN) were prepared through a dry–wet phase inversion technique. Methacrylic acid side chains were grafted onto an activated PVDF backbone by the method of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and then the novel photocatalytic asymmetric membranes of N–TiO₂–PMAA-g-PVDF/PAN were prepared. The casting solutions were blended with 1–5 % N–TiO₂ before immersion into the coagulation bath. PVDF and PAN offer several advantages which include: mechanical strength and toughness, chemical resistance, unaffected by long-term exposure to UV radiation, low weight, and thermal stability. N–TiO₂ was prepared through sol-gel synthesis. The photocatalytic membranes were evaluated by degradation process of herbicide bentazon in water. Photodegradation studies revealed that the optimum photocatalyst loading was 3 % N–TiO₂ and the optimum pH was 7 for the degradation of bentazon in water. UV–Vis, TOC and LC–MS analyses confirmed the successful photodegradation of bentazon. A bentazon removal efficiency of 90.1 % was achieved at pH 7. N–TiO₂–PMAA-g-PVDF/PAN membranes were successfully prepared and characterized. These photocatalytic membranes showed great potential as a technology for the effective removal of pesticides from water. According to literature, N–TiO₂–PMAA-g-PVDF/PAN asymmetric photocatalytic membranes have not been prepared before for the purpose of treating agricultural wastewater.     

Column adsorption of Cr (VI) from dilute aqueous solution on tailored micro-mesoporous low-cost activated carbon: performance indicators and breakthrough modeling

Abstract

The adsorption technology based on low-cost adsorbents is of great interest for alternative sustainable abatement of toxic heavy metals from dilute industrial wastewaters. In this study, the performance of tailored low-cost activated carbon (AC) in column adsorption of Cr (VI) from dilute aqueous solution is evaluated using the rapid small scale column tests procedure. At solutions pH 2, the response of column performance indicators such as number of bed volumes, carbon usage rate, breakthrough capacity and column utilization for achieving effluent discharge limit of 0.5?mg L^?1 Cr (VI) to changes in flow rate and bed height are studied. At breakpoints, the low-cost AC showed number of bed volumes (38–259) and column utilization (10–72%) for empty bed contact time (0.8–6.13?min). The bed regeneration efficiency was low at 48%. Also, the low-cost AC exhibited total dynamic selectivity for Cr (VI) from simulated electroplating wastewater. The breakthrough data were correlated using a mass transfer model of Michael’s constant-pattern behavior. The results of this study demonstrate the possible application of the tailored low-cost AC for efficient column adsorption of Cr (VI) from dilute wastewaters.