导弹水下动机座垂直发射载荷建模与仿真

导弹在水下动机座垂直发射过程中,受到横向流与弹性减震环对弹体的耦合作用,造成弹体出筒过程的受力状态的复合特征,对弹体出筒安全有很大影响。为解决上述问题,基于流体力学和动力学理论,针对潜艇带速水下垂直发射导弹过程中导弹的运动特征、流体动力特性、弹体与弹性减震环的相互作用进行研究,建立了水下动机座垂直发射导弹的横向载荷计算模型和耦合算法,并给出了载荷仿真算例。结果表明：所建立的模型与计算方法可行,可为导弹结构设计和发射系统参数设计提供研究参考和依据。     

Underwater Localization for Multiple AUVs Based on Bearing and Range Measurements

A novel underwater localization algorithm for autonomous underwater vehicle （AUVs） is proposed. Taking aim at the high cost of the traditional ＂leader-follower＂ positioning, a ＂parallel＂ model is adopted to describe the localization problem. Under an unknown-but-bounded assumption for sensor noise, bearing and range measurements can be modeled as linear constraints on the configuration space of the AUVs. Merged these constraints, a convex polyhedron representing the set of all configurations consistent with the sensor measurements can be induced. Estimates for the,uncertainty in the position of a single AUV or the relative positions of two or more AUVs can then be obtained by projecting this polyhedron into appropriate subspaces of the configuration space. The localization uncertain region for each AUV can be recovered by an approximation algorithm to realize underwater localization for multiple AUVs. The deduced theoretically and the simulated results show that it is an economical and practical localization method for the AUV swarm.     

未知洋流干扰下基于单领航者的多自主水下航行器协同导航

洋流估计问题是多自主水下航行器(AUV)协同导航方法中的难点之一.针对未知洋流情况,给出了1种基于单领航者的多AUV协同导航方法.通过设计主、从AUV间的机动轨迹,将从AUV的初始定位以及洋流干扰、测速误差的初始估计问题转化为非线性极小平方优化模型求解,提高了初始化精度;并进一步将洋流干扰等作为状态变量参与协同导航过程...     

一种提取非合作源定位中多普勒信息的新方法

为了解决常规多普勒信息提取方法中存在计算量大、精度低的缺点,对基于非合作源无源定位技术中的多普勒信息提取方法作进行了研究,提出了有效提取电台多普勒信息的方法.应用该方法提取非合作源多普勒信息具有精度高、计算量小的优点,在载波提取过程中,摒弃了以往的搜索算法,采用了设计提取纯净载波环路的方法,从而使该方法具有良好的实时性特点.仿真实验表明,采用该方法测量多普勒频率变化率,1 s内多普勒频率变化量最大为0.52%,6 s内变化量最大为1.6%,能够满足实际工程的需要.     

基于单领航者相对位置测量的多AUV协同导航系统定位性能分析

自主水下航行器 (Autonomous underwater vehicle, AUV) 的协同导航是解决水下导航定位问题的重要方法, 其中导航系统的定位误差增长特性是衡量其定位性能的关键指标. 本文针对单领航者相对位置测量的多 AUV 协同导航系统, 利用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法建立了导航系统的整体定位误差关于相对位置量测误差的传递方程. 在此基础上, 通过求解系统定位误差随时间演化的代数黎卡提方程, 得到了其在稳态情形下的方差上界估计. 理论分析表明, 单领航 AUV 协同导航系统的整体定位误差有界收敛且与初始化滤波方差无关, 具有良好的综合性能. 最后, 仿真实例验证了文中理论分析结果的正确性.     

洋流影响下基于单领航者的多AUV协同导航

自主水下航行器（AUV）的协同导航是海洋工程研究中的重要问题,洋流估计是其中的主要难点之一。该文基于＂未知定常＂的洋流特性假设,结合单通信和导航辅助AUV（CNA）领航的协同定位原理,建立了洋流干扰下多AUV协同导航的定位转移损失函数。利用损失函数极小化方法给出了协同导航的定位最优估计准则,借助该准则得到了洋流误差估计和协同导航算法,实现了对AUV较为实时精确的定位。仿真结果表明,该算法能够较好地解决定常洋流作用下的多AUV协同导航问题,且定位精度较高,实时性好。研究成果有望为多AUV系统总体设计、导航路径规划及跟踪等方面提供理论基础和研究手段。     

基于凸优化算法的无人水下航行器协同定位

In this paper, a cooperative localization algorithm for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) is proposed. A ``parallel" model is adopted to describe the cooperative localization problem instead of the traditional ``leader-follower" model, and a linear programming associated with convex optimization method is used to deal with the problem. After an unknown-but-bounded model for sensor noise is assumed, bearing and range measurements can be modeled as linear constraints on the configuration space of the AUVs. Merging these constraints induces a convex polyhedron representing the set of all configurations consistent with the sensor measurements. Estimates for the uncertainty in the position of a single AUV or the relative positions of two or more nodes can then be obtained by projecting this polyhedron onto appropriate subspaces of the configuration space. Two different optimization algorithms are given to recover the uncertainty region according to the number of the AUVs. Simulation results are presented for a typical localization example of the AUV formation. The results show that our positioning method offers a good localization accuracy, although a small number of low-cost sensors are needed for each vehicle, and this validates that it is an economical and practical positioning approach compared with the traditional approach.     

Cooperative Navigation for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Based on Estimation of Motion Radius Vectors

A cooperative navigation algorithm for a group of autonomous underwater vehicles is proposed on the basis of motion radius vector estimation.Combined the dead reckoning data with the mutual range data through an acoustic communication network among the group members, the relative positioning problem can be solved. A novel approach for solving the relative positioning is presented by using a recursive trigonometry technique and extended Kalman filter(EKF). Simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of this navigation method.     

常值海流作用下的AUV水平面路径跟踪控制

针对欠驱动AUV在常值海流影响下的水平面路径跟踪控制问题,建立了常值海流作用下的AUV运动学和动力学模型;采用以自由参考点为原点的Serret-Frenet坐标系描述路径跟踪误差及其动态模型;综合应用Lyapunov方法和Backstepping技术设计了AUV路径跟踪的运动学和动力学控制律,保证了路径跟踪误差在常值海流影响下的全局渐近稳定性。通过仿真实验与未考虑海流作用的路径跟踪控制进行对比,验证了该方法能够有效克服常值海流的干扰作用,路径跟踪误差全局渐近稳定。     

一种移动机器人的禁忌搜索自主导航算法

纯粹的反应式导航算法在复杂未知环境下易陷入局部极小,为此提出一种基于局部子目标和禁忌搜索的自主导航算法．以当前可视区域内障碍物的关键角点为搜索邻域,利用禁忌搜索算法执行优化操作生成当前子目标,进而采用反应式导航算法对其进行跟踪,最终通过子目标的动态切换引导机器人驶达目标位置．算法可有效克服局部极小,显著提高机器人在复杂环境下的自主性．理论分析和仿真实验验证了算法的可行性和有效性．