The perturbation method and the extended finite element method. An application to fracture mechanics problems

The extended finite element method has been successful in the numerical simulation of fracture mechanics problems. With this methodology, different to the conventional finite element method, discretization of the domain with a mesh adapted to the geometry of the discontinuity is not required. On the other hand, in traditional fracture mechanics all variables have been considered to be deterministic (uniquely defined by a given numerical value). However, the uncertainty associated with these variables (external loads, geometry and material properties, among others) it is well known. This paper presents a novel application of the perturbation method along with the extended finite element method to treat these uncertainties. The methodology has been implemented in a commercial software and results are compared with those obtained by means of a Monte Carlo simulation.     

面向作业过程的生产理论与学习

近些年来一些新企业生产管理理论和方法相继问世，它们的一个共同特点是面向作业过程。本文在指出传统生产理论与企业生产管理实际严重脱节的基础上，提出了将其改造成面向作业过程的生产理论的设想，并分析了这一理论与企业组织学习的关系。