Analysis and reduction of signal readout circuitry temporal noisein CMOS image sensors for low-light levels

In this paper, analytical noise analysis of correlated double sampling (CDS) readout circuits used in CMOS active pixel image sensors is presented. Both low-frequency noise and thermal noise are considered. The results allow the computation of the output RMS noise versus MOS transistor dimensions with the help of SPICE-based circuit simulators. The reset noise, the influence of floating diffusion capacitance on output noise and the detector charge-to-voltage conversion gain are also considered. Test circuits were fabricated using a standard 0.7 μm CMOS process to validate the results. The analytical noise analysis in this paper emphasizes the computation of the output variance, and not the output noise spectrum, as more suitable to CDS operation. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental data     

CMOS有源集成像素传感器检测高能物理粒子

研究适用于下一代国际线性电子对撞机中顶点探测器的CMOS有源集成像素传感器.实验芯片现采用标准 0.35 μm CMOS 工艺设计,像素矩阵为128行×32列,像素大小为25 μm×25 μm,在像素内部实现相关双次采样技术.通过采用放射源55Fe测定, 芯片等效输入随机噪声为12个电子,而固定噪声为3个电子.传感器的电荷-电压转换系数达59 μV/e-.在170 MHz工作主频下,芯片信号处理速度达12 μs/帧.芯片模拟部分功耗小于30 mW.     

Identifying critical success factors for wearable medical devices: a comprehensive exploration

Universal Access in the Information Society - For healthy living, the successful use of wearable medical devices such as smartwatches, smart clothes, smart glasses, sports/activity trackers, and...     

Bandlimited 1/fα-noise source

CMOS imagers generate both white noise and low frequency noise with a power spectral density proportional to 1/f^α with 0.5<α<2.0. To characterise on-chip/off-chip amplifiers or CDS circuits, white noise sources are available commercially, but not low frequency noise sources. A practical bandlimited 1/f^α -noise constructed using a white noise source is presented     

Incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis among women having vaginal discharge, in Manisa, Turkey

Trichomoniasis characterise with a foamy yellowish odorous discharge, is an infection that causes superficial defects and necrotic ulcers in mucosa, and is spreadable with sexual contact. In T. vaginalis infection, the diagnosis can be made after the examination of saline wet mount preparations, stained smears preparation and cultivation of the vaginal discharge, the urine and the materials obtained from prostate secretion in males. In the present study, vaginal discharge samples obtained from 207 patients applied to Celal Bayar University, Medical Faculty Research Hospital, Manisa with vaginal discharge complaints were examined by utilising wet mount preparations, Giemsa staining method and CPLM cultivation method. In 27 of them (13.1%) T. vaginalis was detected by both saline wet mount preparation and Giemsa staining method. But as a result of the cultivation in CPLM media of the vaginal discharge materials collected from infected samples reproduction was observed in only 21 of them (10.2%). A treatment of Secnidazole by 2 gr. unique dose was applied to infected patients and their spouses and a complete recovery was followed up both microscopically and clinically.     

Low-frequency noise measurements on submicrometre n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs at various operating regions

Silicon founders give in their MOS transistor card models some low-frequency noise parameters for SPICE-based circuit simulators corresponding to pure 1/f ^a or flicker noise, with a very close to unity. MOS transistors used in analogue circuit applications are usually devices with large channel length and width. In low-noise applications, methods such as correlated double sampling are used to suppress the low frequency noise generated by them. Nevertheless, the transistors presently are submicrometre devices exhibiting very different low-frequency noise behaviour. In this paper, experimental low-frequency noise results obtained at room temperature on NMOS and PMOS transistors fabricated using a 0.7 μm process are presented. Both large and small devices on the same process are considered. All regions of operation of transistors are considered. We show that the low-frequency noise behaviour of small area MOSFETs is very different from that of large area devices and that the spectrum is the summation of Lorentzian spectra generated by the switching of individual active traps.     

Column readout circuit with global charge amplifier for CMOS APSimagers

A CDS readout circuit for CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) imagers is presented. The proposed CDS circuit is simple, requires only one output amplifier, and is based on capacitor ratios, reducing the column fixed pattern noise