Evaluation of Intellectual Property Objects in the Nanoindustry Field

Russian Microelectronics - The recently developed nanomaterials and their production technologies as intellectual property objects (IPOs) are considered. The role of the informational-analytical...     

Sequential batch reactor for eucalypt kraft pulp effluent treatment with Trametes versicolor

BACKGROUND: A sequential batch reactor (SBR) was used for eucalypt kraft pulp effluent treatment with Trametes versicolor. A 2³ full factorial design and response surface methodology were applied to optimise the batch fermentation conditions. Effluent concentration, culture medium and inoculum age were the factors selected for this study in order to optimise the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD). RESULTS: The presence of Trametes Defined Medium (TDM) in the fermentation was required to obtain a significant COD reduction. Experiments in the batch reactor confirmed, in general, the predicted results of optimisation developed from Erlenmeyer batch assays. The T. versicolor culture remained active during 42 days of study in the SBR, providing approximately 80% of COD reduction. CONCLUSION: Trametes versicolor may be considered as very promising for the biological treatment of effluents from kraft pulp mills in an SBR system instead of the activated sludge mixed cultures traditionally used. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of Reaction Parameters on the Hydrogenolysis of Hydroxymatairesinol Over Carbon Nanofibre Supported Palladium Catalysts

The density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) calculations were applied to investigate the interaction of a Pt₆ particle with the ZSM-5 zeolite framework. The electronic structure of the metal particle is strongly affected by the interaction with basic framework oxygens and acid sites of the zeolite support. Adsorption on basic sites (E_ads = 6 kcal/mol) favors the formation of the electron enriched metal cluster. Interaction of the platinum cluster with the acid site characterized by stabilization energy of 47 kcal/mol results in oxidation of the metal particle and suppression of Brønsted acidity of the support. The hypothesis is put forward that the oxidized platinum particle can function as an active site for the alkane isomerisation on platinum supported high silica zeolites.     

Human papillomavirus as an etiological factor in cervical cancer: significance for health care practice

The migration of substances from rubber packaging materials into drug products can be significant with certain packaging materials in contact with organic solvent systems. Recommendations for testing drug products for leachables are continually evolving to address new developments. Testing packaging materials using simulated solvents is not always an acceptable protocol for the pharmaceutical industry. We describe a rational strategy for evaluation of the drug product for packaging extractables. A profile of the extractables from rubber packaging materials was made with a range of organic solvents and stress conditions to provide information on substances to target in the drug product. The drug product was evaluated to determine if the matrix would cause interferences that might inhibit detection of the found extractables. Analytical methods were selected based on these findings. The procedures were validated according to FDA guidelines. A stability program using time and storage conditions as variables provided information for acceptance criteria. This same strategy can be used on other types of pharmaceuticals and packaging materials.     

Cyclic mode of neptunium, americium and curium transmutation in heavy-water reactor

Characteristics of process of transmutation of neptunium, americium and curium from spent nuclear fuel in heavy-water reactor during first 10 lifetimes and at transition to equilibrium mode are calculated. During transmutation, dangerous nuclides, first of all, ²⁴⁴Cm and ²³⁸Pu are accumulated. They cause an increase of radiotoxicity. At first 10 cycles of transmutation, the radiotoxicity is increased by 8.7 times in comparison with radiotoxicity of initial load of transmuted actinides. Heavy-water reactor with thermal power of 1000 MW can transmute neptunium, americium and curium extracted from 3.7 VVER-1000 type reactors. It means, that the required power of transmutation reactor makes about 8% of thermal power of VVER-1000 type reactors.     

Kinetics of catalytic reactions with two types of sites: nonuniform surfaces

Several aspects of heterogeneous catalytic kinetics over induced nonuniform surfaces are considered. The reaction mechanism is thought to occur through a surface collision of species, adsorbed on two distinct surface sites, which display nonuniform behavior. The expressions for rates of elementary reactions have been deduced within the framework of the surface electronic gas model, which accounts for the case of inhomogeneous surface. Equations for catalyst activity in the range of medium coverage have been derived and compared with the power-law model.     

Change in the structure and mechanical properties of complex glass fibres during dyring

Stekloplastik—Sertifikat Corporation Moscow. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 58–59, March–April, 1994.     

The effect of surface modification of vulcanized rubbers on the adhesive strength

Results of a study are reported on the utilization of ground vulcanizate, which is a waste product of rubber prcoessing plants. Loaded stocks of various commercial rubbers act as objects for the study. Talc, kaolin, silicon dioxide, and furnace carbon black are used as fillers. According to the results of a study on the effect of the amount of rubber crumb, an increase in the content of unmodified crumb leads to a decrease in tear resistance that is associated with poor wettability. To increase wettability, we use organosilicon couplings. It is shown that the addition of vulcanizate to rubber stocks, together with highly dispersed fillers treated with organosilicon couplings, leads to a significant increase in tear resistance and makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of production and utilization.