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1.
Joel P. Martin J. Edward Swan II Robert J. Moorhead II Zhanping Liu Shangshu Cai 《Computer Graphics Forum》2008,27(3):991-998
We present the results from a user study looking at the ability of observers to mentally integrate wind direction and magnitude over a vector field. The data set chosen for the study is an MM5 (PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model) simulation of Hurricane Lili over the Gulf of Mexico as it approaches the southeastern United States. Nine observers participated in the study. This study investigates the effect of layering on the observer's ability to determine the magnitude and direction of a vector field. We found a tendency for observers to underestimate the magnitude of the vectors and a counter‐clockwise bias when determining the average direction of a vector field. We completed an additional study with two observers to try to uncover the source of the counter‐clockwise bias. These results have direct implications to atmospheric scientists, but may also be able to be applied to other fields that use 2D vector fields. 相似文献
2.
The failure characteristic of graphite polyetheretherketone (Gr/PEEK) under compression with a centrally located circular discontinuity was investigated through experimentation and a nonlinear ply-by-ply finite element technique. The stacking sequence of the laminates investigated were: [0 °16], [90 °16], [±45 °]4S [0 °/90 °]4S, and [0 °/ ± 45 0°/90 °]2S. In the experimentation, [90 °]16, [0 °/90 °]4S, and [0 °/ ±45 °/90 °]2S laminates, as well as three of the [0 °]16, failed due to a crack that was normal to the loading direction and initiated from the edge of the hole progressing to the outer edges of the specimen. The [±45 °]4S specimens failed to support the load due to an internal crack that originated from the hole's edge and then traveled at an angle of about 42% to the direction of loading. The finite element method used to analytically model the failure of Gr/PEEK accurately modeled the response of the specimens tested experimentally. 相似文献
3.
Hawkins R.T. II Jones M.D. Pepper S.H. Goll J.H. Ravel M.K. 《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》1992,41(4):467-475
Deconvolution of measurement system effects from pulse response measurements is demonstrated to yield reproducible, accurate characterization of the impulse response (and vector frequency response) of a photodetector or photoreceiver, as well as the intensity waveform of an optical pulse. Calibration is based on a <3-ps FWHM (full width at half maximum) optical pulse and a 50-GHz 3-dB bandwidth electrical sampling system. Vector characterization of a photodetector/photoreceiver to >40 GHz and an optical pulse source to >30 GHz are demonstrated. Calibration and effects of noise are discussed 相似文献
4.
Crowe T.W. Bishop W.L. Porterfield D.W. Hesler J.L. Weikle R.M. II 《Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of》2005,40(10):2104-2110
The terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum, spanning from 100 GHz through 10 THz, is of increasing importance for a wide range of scientific, military and commercial applications. This interest is spurred by the unique properties of this spectral band and the very recent development of convenient terahertz sources and detectors. However, the terahertz band is also extremely challenging, in large part because it spans the transition from traditional electronics to photonics. This paper reviews the importance of this frequency band and summarizes the efforts of scientists and engineers to span the "terahertz technology gap." The emphasis is on solid-state circuits that use nonlinear diodes to translate the functionality of microwave technology to much higher frequencies. 相似文献
5.
6.
NV Zheleznova SL Mukomolov AB Zhebrun FS Noskov II Malkova EP Shargorodskaia AD Al'tshte?n VA Pliutnikova IN Lavrent'eva NN Ptichnikova 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,(5):49-53
The use of a recombinant poxvirus (RPV) strain, expressing HBsAg in the process of reproduction in different bioreactor systems under stationary and bioreactor conditions of cultivation, made it possible to obtain highly purified HBsAg. The identity and purity of HBsAg was confirmed by the analysis of its amino acid composition, SDS electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, electron microscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography. Good prospects of the use of RPV-expressed gene engineering HBsAg as the basis vaccines against hepatitis B was demonstrated in 10 experimental batches of vaccine. All batches of the preparation had pronounced immunogenicity and were safe and nontoxic in animal experiments. The ID50 of experimental batches did not exceed 211 ng/ml, which, according to the data of comparative experiments, was lower than, or equal to, corresponding values of analogous foreign commercial preparations, based on plasma or yeast HBsAg. 相似文献
7.
Streifel R.J. Marks R.J. II El-Sharkawi M.A. Kerszenbaum I. 《Energy Conversion, IEEE Transaction on》1996,11(2):312-317
A method for detecting shorted windings in operational turbine-generators is described. The method is based on the traveling wave method described by El-Sharkawi, et. al. (1971). The method is extended in this paper to operational rotors by the application of a neural network feature extraction and novelty detection. The results of successful laboratory experiments are also reported 相似文献
8.
Daniel Grosjean Eric Grosjean II Edwin L. Williams 《Israel journal of chemistry》1994,34(3-4):365-373
The atmospheric oxidation of the unsaturated aldehyde 2-ethyl acrolein, CH2=C(C2H5)CHO, has been studied in laboratory experiments involving the reaction of ozone with 2-ethyl acrolein in the dark (with cyclohexane added to scavenge the hydroxyl radical), and the sunlight irradiation of 2-ethyl acrolein with NO in air. The major carbonyl products of the 2-ethyl acrolein reaction with ozone are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and the dicarbonyl ethylglyoxal, CH3CH2COCHO. Sunlight irradiation of 2-ethyl acrolein and NO led to the formation of three carbonyls (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and ethylglyoxal) and three peroxyacyl nitrates, (RC(O)OONO2), including PAN (R = CH3), PPN (R = C2H5), and the unsaturated compound EPAN (R = CH2=C(C2H5)). Mechanisms are outlined for the reactions of ozone and of the hydroxyl radical with 2-ethyl acrolein. These mechanisms are consistent with the observed carbonyl and peroxyacyl nitrate products. Thermal decomposition, a major atmospheric removal process for peroxyacyl nitrates, has been studied for EPAN. The decomposition rate of EPAN relative to that of PAN is 0.59–0.73 at 292–294 K and 1 atm of air. Atmospheric implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
9.
An experimental and theoretical study into the use of Fabry-Perot etalons as static repetition rate upconverters outside the laser cavity is discussed. It is shown that the output repetition rate can be increased up to 12 times while maintaining high average power 相似文献
10.
Fogle A.D. Don Darling Blish R.C. II Daszko E. 《Device and Materials Reliability, IEEE Transactions on》2004,4(3):371-376
Neutron and proton irradiation to simulate cosmic ray jeopardy were used to establish that NOR Flash memory (conventional floating polySi gate or ONO floating gate MirrorBit) soft error failure rate (cross section) is 3-5 orders of magnitude better than SRAM. Flash memory soft error rate for a given dose of alpha particle irradiation is much less than for the same dose from simulated cosmic rays. 相似文献