The effect of insulin on the function of the lysosomal apparatus of the neutrophilic leukocytes during the formation of a stress syndrome

In experiments on male rabbits with the lack of insulin it is been revealed violations after the past immobilization the intensivity and duration of neutrophilic leukocytosis decrease, contents of lysosomes in neutrophils, activity of acid phosphatase. By lysosomal ferments don't determine the can observer discordance of processes of coagulation, fibrinolysis, kininogenesis.     

Polyclonal antibodies from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis effectively hydrolyze DNA and RNA

It is known that in the blood of patients with some autoimmune diseases catalytically active antibodies hydrolyzing proteins, DNA, and RNA may be detected. In the present work homogeneous preparations of IgG antibodies (Ab) possessing high affinity for nucleic acids (NA) were obtained for the first time from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The fraction of IgG Ab as well as its Fab fragments and isolated light chains of both kappa- and lambda-types were shown to catalyze effectively the hydrolysis of DNA and RNA. It is shown by different methods that the capability for nucleic acid hydrolysis is an intrinsic property of the polyclonal Ab. NA-hydrolyzing Ab were detected in the blood of 69 of 72 and in the cerebrospinal fluid of 5 of 5 examined MS patients, while they were not detected in the blood of any of 50 healthy donors examined. Comparison of relative rates of RNA hydrolysis and of the substrate specificity in hydrolysis of various model RNAs--cCMP, poly(U), poly(A), and poly(C)--revealed pronounced differences of MS antibodies from ribonucleases of human blood, ribonuclease A, and all earlier described abzymes. The abzymes are usually characterized by relatively low specific activities in comparison with that of normal enzymes catalyzing analogous reactions. Ab from the blood of MS patients are the first example of autoabzymes whose specific activity in RNA hydrolysis is comparable or even higher than that of pancreatic ribonuclease A--one of the most active RNA-hydrolyzing enzymes.     

High temperature bias-stress-induced instability in power trench-gated MOSFETs

We report on the high-temperature reverse-bias (HTRB) stress reliability of trench-gated n-channel metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistors (n-UMOSFETs). The degradation induced by the HTRB is examined using changes in transistor parameters, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The HTRB causes degradations in the threshold voltage and drain leakage of the n-UMOSFET and these degradations are particularly large when the stress is applied in a humid ambient. The observations were interpreted in terms of water molecule diffusion into the gate oxide through passivation cracks in the edge termination of the n-UMOSFET during HTRB in a humid ambient. The water molecules catalyze proton (H⁺) generation through electric-field assisted interactions and hole injection into the gate oxide at the bottom of the trench. Also, H⁺ is observed to be very stable in the gate oxide and to migrate between the gate-oxide and oxide–Si interfaces driven by an applied gate-voltage. It is proposed that the employed HTRB configuration and level give rise to negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) in a parasitic p-channel MOSFET structure occurring in the trench base of the n-UMOSFET, and that NBTI is a serious reliability concern in power UMOSFETs subjected to stress in a moist ambient.     

Comparative immunizing power of infections, salivary extracts, and intestinal extracts of Hyalomma marginatum marginatum in cattle

In Sardinia the close association of sheep, dogs and humans still exists in some parts of the region, so that ideal conditions persist for the perpetuation of the parasite's life cycle. Two factors contribute to the spread of the disease: the practice of slaughtering sheep at home and the proliferation of dogs, mainly strays. This paper reviews the epidemiological picture and the economic consequences of the disease in man and livestock, strongly suggesting that this endemic disease is a major public health problem.     

The impact of metal-1 plasma processing-induced hot carrierinjection on the characteristics and reliability of n-MOSFETs

We report on plasma processing-induced damage to sub-half-micron n-MOSFETs that is invoked by potential differences between device terminals during metal-1 plasma processing. The damage mechanism is identified as hot carrier (HC) injection promoted by the layout of metal-1 interconnect. Using conventional and modified charge pumping techniques as well as transistor parameter measurements, we also investigate the impact of the damage on device reliability by applying Fowler-Nordheim (FN) and hot carrier stresses. The results show the severe impact of this damage on device reliability, which is attributed to trapping of positive charge at the drain edge that is enough to shorten the device channel     

End-stage renal disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a retrospective review of 38 cases

A retrospective review was conducted to evaluate the influence of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the outcome of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The records of all patients seen at Howard University Hospital between February 1984 and July 1994 with a diagnosis of HIV infection were reviewed. Two hundred seventy-eight patients had a diagnosis of renal failure; 38 of these patients developed end-stage renal failure requiring dialysis. Risk factors for HIV infection in these patients were intravenous drug abuse, homosexual behavior, bisexual preference, and blood transfusion. None of these factors consistently influenced the survival of HIV-infected patients with ESRD.     

The effects of SiO2 barrier between active layer and substrate on the performance and reliability of polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors

We report on the performance and hot carrier stress (HCS) reliability of n-channel and p-channel poly-Si thin film transisters (TFT)s fabricated on SiO₂-coated 1737 glass or bare 1737 glass substrates. Low-pressure chemical vapor deposited (LPCVD) or atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposited (APCVD) SiO₂ with different thicknesses are used as the impurity diffusion barrier layers. We have found that the performance and HCS reliability of n-TFTs on SiO₂-coated 1737 glass are superior to those of n-TFTs on bare 1737 glass. P-TFTs on SiO₂-coated 1737 glass, on the other hand, are observed to perform better than p-TFTs on bare 1737 glass substrates, however p-TFTs on SiO₂-coated 1737 glass are seen to undergo larger improvements in their OFF current, I_OFF, following the HCS compared to p-TFTs on bare 1737 glass. We also explore the impact of SiO₂ coating thickness on the performance and HCS reliability of the TFTs. The HCS reliability of the TFTs on SiO₂-coated 1737 glass substrates is observed to depend on the SiO₂ coating thickness. This was explained in terms of a phenomenological model which involves impurity and grain boundary traps. The presence of the former type of traps is controlled by the presence or absence of the SiO₂ coating, whereas the grain boundary traps are proposed to be sensitive to compressive and tensile stresses in the SiO₂ coating layer which are, in turn, dependent on the layer's thickness.