Effects of breed and age at slaughter on degradation of muscle lipids during processing of dry‐cured hams

Hams from Landrace, Duroc and Hampshire pigs slaughtered at ages 6, 7.5 and 9 months were processed to generate Norwegian Parma‐style hams. Lipid contents and the compositions of fatty acid classes (ΣSFA, ΣMUFA, ΣPUFA) within neutral lipids, phospholipids and free fatty acids were determined. Small differences in lipid degradation and composition of the classes were revealed. However, significant sensory differences related to lipids were observed. Breed was more important than age. Dry‐cured Hampshire hams gave a more intense mature odour that may be associated with higher overall lipid degradation. Unexpectedly, these hams also demonstrated high juiciness and tenderness, which could be related to the melting characteristics of the fat. Dry‐cured Duroc hams showed a higher susceptibility towards rancidity, presumably associated with preferential oxidation of n‐6 fatty acids relative to C18:1 n‐9. Dry‐cured Landrace hams showed the lowest juiciness and tenderness, likely due to their lower fat content (marbling).     

Automated and Continuous Production of Microstructured Metallic Plates via Cold Embossing

Many critical issues need to be addressed when microstructured reactors are manufactured in large unit volumes. The most crucial of these are cost, ease of production, and reliability. The lack of breakthrough manufacturing technology to provide high‐efficiency, low‐cost, high‐precision plates is a hindrance to the early market implementation of systems requiring metallic microstructured plates. This contribution focuses on the development and optimization of a combined embossing and bending tool for the quick and continuous manufacture of easily machined plates.     

The influence of hydroelectric power generation on the body composition of juvenile Atlantic salmon

The fat and protein content, and thus energy resources of young (parr) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were examined in a temperate river. Juvenile salmon exhibited distinct seasonal patterns of energy storage and use. The lowest levels of energy were found towards the end of winter (mean mass specific energy about 4.3 kJ·g^?1). There was a rapid accumulation of fat in spring/early summer in spite of low‐water temperatures (highest mean content of mass specific energy of about 5.0 kJ·g^?1 in June). By early autumn (August) there was a rapid depletion of fat and energy resources. The decline in specific energy during late summer was of the same magnitude as the corresponding winter decline. Furthermore, total fat and protein content, and thus energy resources of juveniles below a hydroelectric power plant (hydrostation (HS)) differed from those at a (lower) reference station (RS). The younger fish exhibited higher gains, but also larger losses of energy resources compared to corresponding values at the RS. Specifically during the summer, young of year (YOY) had 31% lower total energy content at the regulated site (mean 1.27 kJ per individual) than the RS (mean 1.84 kJ). Higher mortality may occur at the site most affected by the hydroelectric plant, where energy resources on average were higher, but where depletion was also most severe. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Unprecedented competition, fabulous technologies: A whole new ballgame for the energy industry

Technology developments on the horizon promise to transform the electricity industry far from its present shape and structure. But, just as technology has played a critical role in pushing the industry to its present thrust toward competition and vertical de-integration, a sensible technology policy can make a utility or power supplier a winmer tomorrow.     

Traveling wave method for calculation of linewidth, frequencytuning, and stability of semiconductor lasers

The authors present a new traveling wave method for calculating the linewidth, the frequency tuning efficiency, and a mode stability parameter for a general class of laser-diode structures. The method leads to simple semianalytic expressions which allow an easy numerical determination of the three parameters     

Delamination vs matrix cracking in layered composites subjected to transverse loading

An algorithm is presented to compute the distribution of the strain energy release rate along the crack front of a penny-shaped delamination in a layered orthotropic body. The method applies a finite element recently proposed for three-dimensional analysis of layered orthotropic circular plates. The algorithm is economical even though it treats a full three-dimensional state of stress. The method requires only a single virtual crack extension to accurately compute the strain energy release rate at a point along the crack front. The method is applied to the study of delamination crack growth in a nine layer cross-ply laminate. The variation of strain energy release rate, G, along the crack front, is determined. The significance of the plate aspect ratio, as well as length scale, on the fracture process is studied. The establishment of a loading case where a distributed transverse compressive loading causes delamination growth is given.     

OWL2Vec*: embedding of OWL ontologies

Machine Learning - Semantic embedding of knowledge graphs has been widely studied and used for prediction and statistical analysis tasks across various domains such as Natural Language Processing...