Determinants of genital human papillomavirus infection among cytologically normal women attending the University of New Mexico student health center

OBJECTIVES: To confirm the risk factors for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. GOAL OF THIS STUDY: To investigate risk factors for HPV detection apart from the correlated risk factors for cervical neoplasia. STUDY DESIGN: Cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was assessed in 357 cytologically normal women attending the University of New Mexico student health center. Cervical swab samples were obtained for HPV DNA detection and typing using a PCR-based DNA amplification system. Possible determinants of cervical HPV were examined including age, ethnicity, history of sexually transmitted disease, oral contraceptive use, smoking, age at first intercourse, lifetime number of sex partners, marital status, and history of pregnancy. RESULTS: A 44.3% overall prevalence of cervical HPV was observed. On univariate analysis, factors associated with increasing HPV prevalence included higher lifetime number of sex partners and single marital status. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, we found that HPV prevalence increased with higher lifetime number of sexual partners. CONCLUSION: These findings, along with those from the companion reports in this issue of the journal, support the sexual route of transmission of the virus.     

半导体绿色节能技术趋势2功率电子产品的重点在于能效

近来,立法工作和广告活动都把焦点集中在能源使用的一个重要方面,也是功率电子产品能够产生积极作用的地方-即待机功耗.许多法规,比如 Blue Angel(蓝天使)和Top Runner(领跑者),都要求许多电子产品的待机功耗必须小于1w.     

The Relative Influences of Ring Modes and Methyl Internal Rotation on the Cold Beam IVR of p-Fluorotoluene

Room temperature (300 K) experiments have earlier established that the replacement of a fluorine atom in p-difluorobenzene (pDFB) with a methyl group to make p-fluorotoluene (pFT) generates a qualitative difference in intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) characteristics as seen in the S₁ states. Here we report S₁–S₀ fluorescence excitation and dispersed single vibronic level (SVL) fluorescence spectra that have been obtained for IVR comparisons in the cold (5 K) environment of supersonic expansions. As in the 300 K experiments, the cold beam S₁ vibrational energy threshold for IVR is substantially lower in pFT. The vibrational congestion in dispersed fluorescence that reveals extensive S₁ level interactions first appears after pumping an S₁ pFT level near 800 cm⁻¹. In contrast, congestion in pDFB spectra is still absent from levels with twice this energy. Attention is directed to the relative S₁ ring level structures as a potential contributor to the distinctive IVR behaviors. Dispersed fluorescence from the S₁ zero point levels and fluorescence excitation spectra are combined with published information about S₁ fundamentals to show that the S₁ vibrational level structures of the two molecules are as closely related as those of an isotopomer pair. It is argued that the small differences in S₁ fundamentals cannot be a principal contribution to the qualitative IVR differences.     

Transplant medications

This article discusses the medications used most commonly to keep the lung transplant patient free of rejection and infection. Medications used in the treatment of rejection are categorized by their use; therefore, the most common three- and four-drug regimens used for induction, maintenance, and treatment of rejection are discussed. The most commonly used antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal drugs also are identified. Tables listing the characteristics of the medications are included to make it easier for the reader to quickly identify the indications, mechanisms of action, major adverse reactions, and nursing implications of these medications.     

Making the practically impossible “Merely difficult”—Cryogenic FIB lift‐out for “Damage free” soft matter imaging

The preparation of thinned lamellae from bulk samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis has been possible in the focussed ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB‐SEM) for over 20 years via the in situ lift‐out method. Lift‐out offers a fast and site specific preparation method for TEM analysis, typically in the field of materials science. More recently it has been applied to a low‐water content biological sample (Rubino 2012). This work presents the successful lift‐out of high‐water content lamellae, under cryogenic conditions (cryo‐FIB lift‐out) and using a nanomanipulator retaining its full range of motion, which are advances on the work previously done by Rubino (2012). Strategies are explored for maintaining cryogenic conditions, grid attachment using cryo‐condensation of water and protection of the lamella when transferring to the TEM. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:298–303, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Cement Plant Simulator Trainer

Process computers are finding more uses in the cement industry. The traditional applications are in process control. A novel approach is to utilize these same computers for training operating personnel. Appropriate process modeling can provide a realistic simulation of the operation of a plant. When a dynamic process model is executed in real time with controlling inputs and outputs (i.e., a process interface), the computer can be made to represent the plant equipment. And unlike the actual production facilities, this simulated plant can intentionally be made to fail in various ways in order to train operators how to react when the real plant fails. The design and operational aspects of the Process Simulator Trainer at the Fuller Company is described. It covers the scope of work currently anticipated, the system structure, and appearance. It also describes a simplified simulation model.     

Impact of Milk Protein Type on the Viability and Storage Stability of Microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus NCIMB 701748 Using Spray Drying

Three different milk proteins — skim milk powder (SMP), sodium caseinate (SC) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) — were tested for their ability to stabilize microencapsulated L. acidophilus produced using spray drying. Maltodextrin (MD) was used as the primary wall material in all samples, milk protein as the secondary wall material (7:3 MD/milk protein ratio) and the simple sugars, d-glucose and trehalose were used as tertiary wall materials (8:2:2 MD/protein/sugar ratio) combinations of all wall materials were tested for their ability to enhance the microbial and techno-functional stability of microencapsulated powders. Of the optional secondary wall materials, WPC improved L. acidophilus viability, up to 70 % during drying; SMP enhanced stability by up to 59 % and SC up to 6 %. Lactose and whey protein content enhanced thermoprotection; this is possibly due to their ability to depress the glass transition and melting temperatures and to release antioxidants. The resultant L. acidophilus powders were stored for 90 days at 4 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C and the loss of viability calculated. The highest survival rates were obtained at 4 °C, inactivation rates for storage were dependent on the carrier wall material and the SMP/d-glucose powders had the lowest inactivation rates (0.013 day^?1) whilst the highest was observed for the control containing only MD (0.041 day^?1) and the SC-based system (0.030 day^?1). Further increase in storage temperature (25 °C and 35 °C) was accompanied by increase of the inactivation rates of L. acidophilus that followed Arrhenius kinetics. In general, SMP-based formulations exhibited the highest temperature dependency whilst WPC the lowest. d-Glucose addition improved the storage stability of the probiotic powders although it was accompanied by an increase of the residual moisture, water activity and hygroscopicity, and a reduction of the glass transition temperature in the tested systems.     

Large-scale classroom scheduling

Classroom scheduling is an important part of course scheduling at Purdue University. The objective is to choose meeting rooms and times for each class that maximize student and instructor preferences without creating student, room or instructor schedule conflicts. An approach for solving classroom scheduling problems of practical size has been developed and implemented in CHRONOS, a scheduling support system developed at Purdue and described in this paper.

Requirements for CHRONOS derive from the course scheduling process at Purdue and are specified in a mathematical model of the classroom scheduling problem. Database, preprocessing, and search components provide computerized support to decision-makers. Results obtained from preliminary tests and ongoing use scheduling 500 course sections in a set of 31 large lecture rooms are positive. Work is currently under way to implement the system in a client-server environment and improve the qualitative aspects of generated schedules.     

低功率交流测量给公司内部实验室带来考验

“所有精明的当家都知道这个道理,如果自己在家里制造的花费比在外面购买的多,就千万不要自行制造……这对于家庭来说的至理名言,应用在大企业以至整个国家中大概也不会有错。”–摘自Adam Smith的《国富论》(Wealth of Nations)。     

The impacts of urbanization on emissions and air quality: comparison of four visions of Austin, Texas

The impacts of alternative regional development patterns on emissions, dry deposition, and air quality were examined using four visions of future land use in Austin, Texas associated with a doubling of the population in 20-40 years from 2001. Emissions and their spatial allocation were determined based on the development pattern and used to predict hourly ozone concentrations. Differences in hourly ozone concentrations due to changes in anthropogenic emissions between the future case scenarios and a 2007 base case ranged from -14 to 22 ppb and were primarily associated with the implementation of federal mobile source standards; differences due to biogenic emissions and dry deposition due to urbanization ranged from only -1.4 to 0.7 ppb. These differences in the magnitude of emissions produced greater changes in air quality than differences in regional development patterns between the four scenarios. Differences in hourly ozone concentrations between the future development scenarios and a 2007 base case ranged from -14 to 22 ppb, in contrast to differences of -3 to 5 ppb between the future scenarios. The results imply that although the effects of urbanization patterns are non-negligible, the pattern of urban development is not as significant as reductions in emissions per capita.