Development of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism protocol for rapid detection and differentiation of four cockroach vectors (group I "Dirty 22" species) responsible for food contamination and spreading of foodborne pathogens: public health importance

Assessing the adulteration of food products and the presence of filth and extraneous materials is one of the measures that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) utilizes in implementing regulatory actions of public health importance. To date, 22 common pest species (also known as the "Dirty 22" species) have been regarded by this agency as the spreaders of foodborne diseases. We have further categorized the Dirty 22 species into four groups: I has four cockroach species, II has two ant species, III has 12 fly species, and IV has four rodent species. The presence of any Dirty 22 species is also considered an indicator of unsanitary conditions in food processing and storage facilities. In this study, we describe the development of a two-step nested PCR protocol to amplify the small subunit ribosomal gene of group I Dirty 22 species that include four cockroach species: Blattella germanica, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, and Supella longipalpa, along with the development of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for rapid detection and differentiation of these violative species. This method will be utilized when the specimen cannot be identified with conventional microscopic taxonomic methods, especially when only small body parts are separated and recovered from food samples for analysis or when these body parts are in a decomposed state. This new PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism will provide correct identification of group I Dirty 22 species; this information can then be used in regulation and prevention of foodborne pathogens.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book review in this Article:
BUSINESS AND PROFFSSIONAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION. By Harold P. Zelko and Frenk E. X. Dance. and Frenk E. X. Dance.
PRACTICAL SPEECH FOR MODERN BUSINESS. Robert C. Martin. Karl F. Zelko Robinson, and Russell C. Tomlinson.
CAUSAL Inferences IN NONEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH. By Hubert M. Blalock, Jr.
RHETORICAL CRITICISM: A STWDY IN METHOD. By Edwin Black.
INTRODUCTION TO MASS COMMUNICATIONS RESEARC. Edited by Ralph O. Nafziger and David M. White.
CLASSIC SPEECHES: Word That Shook THE World. Edited by Richard Crosscup.
L anguage in T hought and A ction . By S. I. Hayakawa.
L istening B ibliography . By Sam Duker.
A C lassified B ibliography of AR gumentation and D eabate . By Authur N. Kruger.
T he G utenbfarg G alaxy . By Marshall McLuhan.
S mall G roups : S ome S ociological P erspective By Clovis R. Shepherd.
A G uidebook to P ublic S peaking : P hilosophy and P ractice By Gordon G. Zimmerman and Donald F. Duns
E xperiments on M ass C ommunication Bv Carl I. Hovland. Arthur A. Lumsdaine and Fred D. Sheffield.
T he G raphics of C ommunication . By Arthur T. Tumbull and Russell N. Baird.
H ow to D o things with words . By J. L. Austin. Edited by J. O. Urmson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this articles:
U nobtrusive M easures : N onreactive R esearch in the S ocial S ciences . By Eugene J. Webb, Donald T, Campbell, Richard D. Schwartz, and Lee Sechrest
M athematics and P sychology . By George A. Miller
I nterpersonal D ynamics : E ssays and R eadings on H uman I nteraction . By Warren G. Bennis, Edgar H. Schein, and David E. Berlew
R oles : A n I ntroduction to the S tudy of S ocial R elations . By Michael Banton.
T he C reative O rganization . Edited by Gary Sterner
A rgumentation and D ebate : R ational D ecision M aking . By Austin J. Freeley
A dvertising the L ocal C hurch . By James W. Carty, Jr.
P hilosophy , R hetoric, and argumentation . Edited by Maurice Natanson and Henry W. Johnstone, Jr.
R hetoric —A P hilosophical I nquiry . By A. Craig Baird.
B riefly N oted
T he T ruman P residency : T he H istory of a T riumphant S uccession . By Cabell Phillips.
L anguage and P olitics . Edited by Thomas O. Brockway
F reedom of the P ress in E ngland : 1476–1776. By Frederick Seaton Siebert
S peech P reparation S ourcebook . By Robert T. Oliver, Carroll C. Arnold, and Eugene E. White
B usiness C ommunications for B etter H uman R elations . By Charles Chandler Parkhurst
T he P ractice of C riticism . By Sheldon P. Zitner, James D. Kissane, and M. M. Liberman
T each W ith T elevision : A G uide to I nstructional TV. By Lawrence F. Costello and George N, Gordon.     

Computing MOSCED parameters of nonelectrolyte solids with electronic structure methods in SMD and SM8 continuum solvents

An efficient method to predict modified separation of cohesive energy density model (MOSCED) parameters for nonelectrolyte solids using electronic structure calculations in SMD and SM8 continuum solvents is proposed and applied to acetanilide, acetaminophen, and phenacetin. The resulting parameters are ultimately used to predict the equilibrium solubility in a range of solvents over a range of temperatures. By combining MOSCED with SMD and SM8, we are able to leverage the strengths of both methods while eliminating shortcomings that would prevent their use alone for solvent selection in design processes involving nonelectrolyte solid solutes. Comparing to 77 non‐aqueous experimental solubilities of acetaminophen over the range 10–30°C, the proposed method has an average absolute error of 0.03 and 0.04 mol fracs for SMD and SM8 regressed parameters, respectively. Aqueous solubilities of acetaminophen over this temperature range are predicted with an average error of 0.030 and 0.0023 mol fracs, respectively. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 781–791, 2017     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this articles:
T heory and R esearch in the C ommunicative A rts . By Ernest G. Bormann of the University of Minnesota.
M anagement C ommunication on C ontroversial I ssues . By C. J. Dover.
A ttitude and A ttitude C hange : T he S ocial J udgment -I nvolvement A pproach . By Carolyn W. Sherif, Muzafer Sherif, and Roger E. Nebergall.
T he O pinionmakers . By William L. Rivers.
C lassical R hetoric for the M odern S tudent . By Edward P. J. Corbett.
L inguistics and E nglish G rammar . By H. A. Gleason, Jr.
Books In Breif
A merican and R ussians : R eadings with E xercises in C omposition . By Doris R. Sharpe
T he T heory of M orals . By M. Timur
T he W riting R equirements for G raduate D egrees . By Paul E. Koefod of the University of Florida.
R hetroric : A T ext -R eader on L anguage and I ts U ses By Jim W. Corder of Texas Christian University.
H ow to I mprove Y our S peaking V oice . By Georgiana Peacher     

Cation Effects on 31P MAS NMR Chemical Shifts of Metaphosphate Glasses

We have examined a series of metaphosphate glasses with ³¹P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy. Increasing the ionic potential ( Z/a ) of the modifying cation from sodium to magnesium causes a systematic change to more shielded isotropic chemical shifts with a concomitant increase in the peak FWHM. These spectral trends are consistent with counterion-induced modifications to the ionic character of the P–O bond. Such modifications do not produce significant changes in either the chemical shift anisotropy or the asymmetry parameter.     

Psychological distress and somatic symptoms after natural disaster: Differential vulnerability among older adults.

In a panel study, more than 200 older adults were interviewed before and after a severe flood in southeastern Kentucky in 1984. The issue in this study was whether older adult flood victims were differentially vulnerable to increases in psychological and physical symptoms on the basis of their age, sex, marital status, occupational status, education level, and preflood symptom levels. Flood exposure was related to increases in depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms at 18 months postflood. Within this older adult sample, men, those with lower occupational status, and persons aged 55–64 were at significantly greater risk for increases in psychological symptoms. Sociodemographic status did not moderate the impact of flood exposure on physical health. Implications for crisis-intervention services to older adult disaster victims are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)