Interrelation between the climate-related sustainability and the financial reporting disclosures of the European automotive industry

The financial reports of the automotive companies' are measured in a standardized manner; therefore, they are transparent and comparable to each other, but this is not valid for the sustainability reports and it is not possible to compare their sustainability performances. Standard-setting organizations are currently searching for better reporting procedures. This study aims to investigate the connection between sustainability and financial reports for the most dominant European car manufacturers. It reviews the traceability of the sustainability elements back to the financial statements, which helps transparency, comparability, and impact measurement of the disclosed items and issues. This investigation allowed us to additionally review whether these companies are targeting to disclose the most harmful pollution impacts, or only focus to disclose the required obligatory items. Given the financial and sustainability reports magnitude manual testing would not provide complete and proper coverage, therefore we utilized an automated and AI-assisted content analysis with natural language processing. In this new review method, the sustainable elements of the textual reports were automatically retrieved following the 5-stage model of Landrum & Ohsowski (2018). The study highlights the lack of true sustainability information content of reports and the potential discrepancies and connections between the financial and the sustainability reports. Findings concluded that sustainability disclosures at the reviewed companies from several aspects could be improved and quantified, traced back to the financial disclosures, and to be comparable to each other if they apply a similar review method.

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Computing Coding Solutions for Opportunistic Network Coding Used in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Personal Communications - Wireless mesh networks represent a key architecture on which several communication systems are relaying. Implementations of these networks which apply...     

Czech Republic 20 years after Chernobyl accident

The territory of the Czech Republic was contaminated as a result of the breakdown in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986. The Czech population received low doses of ionising radiation which, though it could not cause a deterministic impact, could have had stochastic effects expressed in the years following the accident. Twenty years after the accident is a long enough time to assess its stochastic effects, primarily tumours and genetic impairment. The moderate amount of radioactive fallout received by the Czech population in 1986 increased thyroid cancer in the following years; on the other hand, no obvious genetic impact was found.     

Visible and NIR Upconverting Er3+–Yb3+ Luminescent Nanorattles and Other Hybrid PMO‐Inorganic Structures for In Vivo Nanothermometry

Lanthanide‐doped luminescent nanoparticles are an appealing system for nanothermometry with biomedical applications due to their sensitivity, reliability, and minimal invasive thermal sensing properties. Here, four unique hybrid organic–inorganic materials prepared by combining β‐NaGdF₄ and PMOs (periodic mesoporous organosilica) or mSiO₂ (mesoporous silica) are proposed. PMO/mSiO₂ materials are excellent candidates for biological/biomedical applications as they show high biocompatibility with the human body. On the other hand, the β‐NaGdF₄ matrix is an excellent host for doping lanthanide ions, even at very low concentrations with yet very efficient luminescence properties. A new type of Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ upconversion luminescence nanothermometers operating both in the visible and near infrared regime is proposed. Both spectral ranges permit promising thermometry performance even in aqueous environment. It is additionally confirmed that these hybrid materials are non‐toxic to cells, which makes them very promising candidates for real biomedical thermometry applications. In several of these materials, the presence of additional voids leaves space for future theranostic or combined thermometry and drug delivery applications in the hybrid nanostructures.     

Spin Crossover of Yb2+ in CsCaX3 and CsSrX3 (X = Cl,Br, I) – A Guideline to Novel Halide‐Based Scintillators

In this paper, the temperature dependence of the photoluminescence of Yb²⁺ doped into the halidoperovskites CsMX₃ (M = Ca, Sr; X = Cl, Br, I) is presented. Yb²⁺ shows spin‐forbidden high‐spin (HS) and spin‐allowed low‐spin (LS) emission bands in all compounds. Upon excitation of the higher energetic LS transition, very different behaviors of the interplay of the two emissive transitions are observed. In the chlorides, the HS‐based emission becomes already dominant at higher temperatures than 50 K; in the bromides, a temperature‐dependent population of the HS state is observed at higher temperatures than 200 K, whereas in the iodides, the LS emission remains dominant even above 300 K. A vibrational relaxation model is attempted for the explanation of this behavior that reveals a very delicate dependence on the mode energies of the [YbX₆]^4? octahedra. FIR spectra of the pure Yb²⁺‐based compounds CsYbX₃ are also presented to experimentally verify the estimated average mode energies from the model. Finally, the relevance for novel Yb²⁺‐based scintillators is discussed.     

Plasma diagnostics measurements on the new ECR heavy ion source of ATOMKI

Between 1993 and 1996 a new 14.5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source was designed and built at ATOMKI for atomic and plasma physics research. In 1996 the assembling of the ion source has been finished and the first plasma diagnostic (visible and X-ray) measurements were carried out. In this work we started an investigation of the spectral distribution of the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. We studied the change of relative line intensities and the Xe² to Xe¹ ratio depending on the pressure inside the plasma. We were able to find spectral lines of Xe² which are good candidates for plasma diagnostic tools in future investigations.