A novel bio‐based phthalonitrile resin derived from catechin: synthesis and comparison of curing behavior with petroleum‐based counterpart

The development of bio‐based thermosetting resins with good thermal stability can potentially afford sustainable polymers as replacements for petroleum‐based polymers. We report a practical route to a novel catechin‐based phthalonitrile resin precursor (CA‐Ph), which contains free phenolic hydroxyl groups that result in ‘self‐curing’ at elevated temperatures to afford a thermostable polymer. Comparison of the performance of this CA‐Ph resin with that of a conventional petroleum‐based bisphenol A phthalonitrile resin (BPA‐Ph; containing 5 wt% of the curing agent 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone) revealed that CA‐Ph exhibits a lower melting point and curing temperature. Cured CA‐Ph resin retains 95% of its weight at 520 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, which compares favorably with results obtained for BPA‐Ph resin that retains 95% of its weight at a lower temperature of 484 °C. Kinetic results indicated that the curing reactions of both CA‐Ph and BPA‐Ph systems follow an autocatalytic mechanism. These results suggest that catechin is a useful bio‐based feedstock for the preparation of self‐curing and thermally stable phthalonitrile resins for advanced technological applications. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

焉耆盆地原油物理化学特征及油源对比研究

在焉耆盆地侏罗系三工河组和八道湾组均发现原油,目前关于侏罗系产层原油的油源问题存在不同的认识。对研究区原油的物理、化学性质进行系统的研究,认为侏罗系三工河组和八道湾组原油不仅在物理性质上有一定的差别,而且在地球化学组成及生物标记化合物上也有一定的差异,应具有不同的来源。侏罗系三工河组原油属于典型腐殖型干酪根成因,而侏罗系八道湾组原油除了具有腐殖型干酪根成因的某些特征外,还具有湖相泥岩生烃的特点。通过原油与各类源岩生物标志物进一步对比分析发现,侏罗系三工河组原油与西山窑、三工河组烃源岩及石炭系、三叠系烃源岩地球化学特征均存在明显差异,与侏罗系八道湾组烃源岩对比性较好。侏罗系八道湾组原油与八道湾组、三叠系源岩有一定相似性,因此认为八道湾组源岩为其主要源岩,三叠系源岩也有一定的贡献。目前勘探生产主要以八道湾组烃源岩为目标,下一步应加强对三叠系烃源岩贡献区带的勘探部署。      

Analysis and optimization of DS-CDMA systems with time-limited partial response chip waveforms

Conventional direct sequence code division multiple access systems (DS-CDMA) using offset quadrature phase shift key (OQPSK) usually employ a strictly bandlimited partial response square-root raised cosine pulse as the chip waveform. They have the disadvantage of large envelope fluctuation that will incur performance degradation due to the intermodulation and bandwidth enlargement caused by post nonlinear processing. To improve the performance of DS-CDMA systems, the chip waveform and receiver should be properly selected. This paper presents a systematic performance analysis of a matched filter receiver and zero-forcing filter (ZF) receiver for DS-CDMA using a time-limited partial response chip waveform. Nevertheless the systematic performance analysis is applicable to bandlimited chip pulse as well. For the zero-forcing filters, we propose to select the frequency responses that satisfy the first Nyquist criterion. With this class of filters, we can choose the roll-off factor to minimize the total power of multiple access interference and noise power. The zero-forcing filter with proper choice of roll-off factor, referred to as optimum ZF, yields a performance better than the matched filter counterpart. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the optimum ZF with superposed quadrature amplitude modulation signal as the time pulse waveform is evaluated. It is shown that the optimum ZF provides better BER performance than conventional OQPSK and minimum shift keying, and its envelope uniformity is much better than that of OQPSK.     

Simulations of Temperature Field in HFCVD Diamond Films over Large Area

A three-dimensional model was developed to investigate the influence of various hot filaments parameters on substrate temperature fields that significantly affect the nucleation and growth of diamond films over large area by hot-filament chemical vapordeposition (HFCVD). Numerical simulated results indicated that substrate temperature varies as a function of hot filamentsnumber, radius, temperature, emissivity, the distance between filaments, and the distance between substrate and filamentsarrangement plane. When these filaments parameters were maintained at the optimal values, the homogeneous substrate temperature region of 76 mm×76 mm with the temperature fluctuation no more than 5% could be obtained by a 80 mm×80 mmhot filaments arrangement plane. Furthermore, the homogeneous region could be enlarged to 100 mm×100 mm under thecondition of supplementary hot filaments with appropriate parameters. All of these calculations provided the basis for speciallyoptimizing the hot filaments parameters to dep     

网络展开图与符号网络分析

采用封闭网络模型,按照电路元件参数,采用开路、短路和着色运算,将电路图逐层分解,得到网络展开图.给出网络展开图的概念和运算规则,指出网络展开图中从根到末稍每个路径的值就是网络行列式展开式中的一个有效项,从而由网络展开图得到符号网络函数.该方法直接对电路图进行运算,不需要建立任何形式的电路方程和行列式,适用于一般的有源电路,而且能生成各种类型的网络函数.     

MEMS移相器及其在微型通信系统中的应用

从传统移相器的构造和原理出发，进一步分析了MEMS移相器的结构、特性。结果表明，MEMS移相器具有传统移相器所无法比拟的体积小、损耗小、成本低、频带宽、易于集成等突出优点。随着高阻硅衬底在微波领域应用的扩展，MEMS移相器介质损耗大幅度降低，将能与信号处理电路一同集成于硅衬底上，便于相控阵雷达等通信系统实现微小型化。     

空分设备系统操作中的物料平衡

本文以济南鲍德气体有限公司 2 0 0 0 0m3 /h空分设备为例 ,从物料平衡的观点出发 ,阐述了操作中一些应注意的问题及解决的措施。     

基于Protel DXP的电路仿真设计

Protel DXP是集所有设计工具于一身的电子设计自动化(EDA)软件.文中运用其内嵌的仿真器叙述了分压式偏置电路放大器的仿真设计过程,设计过程简单、方便.在电子线路理论教学过程中引入电路设计仿真环节在不同情况下对电路进行实时分析,不仅可以提高学生的学习兴趣,而且能够在较短时间内加深学生对理论知识的理解;在工程设计过程中利用仿真工具对电路进行即时测试,可以缩短设计周期,提高设计效率.     

我国现代非金属矿深加工技术浅析

非金属矿工业是国民经济发展的重要组成部分,与人们的生活息息相关,对非金属矿产资源的开发利用程度是衡量一个国家技术发展水平的重要标志之一。我们知道世界上存在的资源可分为三大类:即燃料矿产资源、金属矿产资源和非金属矿产资源。其中非金属矿产资源因其具有特殊的物化性     

聚苯乙烯溴代并接技聚二甲基硅氧烷

聚苯乙烯（PS）在苯溶液中与溴代丁二酰亚胺（NBS）反应，经分离提纯得到了固体溴代聚苯乙烯（PSB）。将所得PSB溶于苯并与低分子量的聚二甲基硅氧烷硅醇锂（PDMSOLi）反应，经分离提纯得到固体的溴代聚苯乙烯接枝聚二甲基硅氧烷（PSB－g-PDMSO),所得PSB-g-PDMSO的结构经^1H-NMR、IR及TEM表征。