Interlayer Engineering of Molybdenum Trioxide toward High‐Capacity and Stable Sodium Ion Half/Full Batteries

Orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) is one of the most promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries because of its rich chemistry associated with multiple valence states and intriguing layered structure. However, MoO₃ still suffers from the low rate capability and poor cycle induced by pulverization during de/sodiation. An ingenious two‐step synthesis strategy to fine tune the layer structure of MoO₃ targeting stable and fast sodium ionic diffusion channels is reported here. By integrating partially reduction and organic molecule intercalation methodologies, the interlayer spacing of MoO₃ is remarkably enlarged to 10.40 Å and the layer structural integration are reinforced by dimercapto groups of bismuththiol molecules. Comprehensive characterizations and density functional theory calculations prove that the intercalated bismuththiol (DMcT) molecules substantially enhanced electronic conductivity and effectively shield the electrostatic interaction between Na⁺ and the MoO₃ host by conjugated double bond, resulting in improved Na⁺ insertion/extraction kinetics. Benefiting from these features, the newly devised layered MoO₃ electrode achieves excellent long‐term cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. These achievements are of vital significance for the preparation of sodium‐ion battery anode materials with high‐rate capability and long cycling life using intercalation chemistry.     

Transport properties of 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a)

Based on reliable. carefully selected data sets. equations for the thermal conductivity and the viscosity of the refrigerant R 112a are presented. They are valid at temperatures from 240 to 440 K, pressures up to 20 MPa. and densities up to 1050 kg · m^–3. including the critical region.     

Voltammetric behaviour of the copper(II)—thiourea system in sulphuric acid medium at platinum and glassy carbon electrodes

Thiourea, a levelling agent used in copper electrorefining baths, is the focus of a cyclic and rotating disc or ring-disc electrode voltammetric study. Thiourea adsorption, its interaction with Cu²⁺ and formation of Cu(Tu) _n ⁺ complexes are part of the multistep electrode mechanism proposed. Results at platinum and glassy carbon electrodes are applicable to copper electrodes in electrorefining.     

抗人A血型杂交瘤细胞高密度培养条件的研究

抗人 A 血型杂交瘤15B_4细胞在 CelliGen 细胞培养罐中进行连续灌注培养,细胞密度达1.6×10~7/ml。每天灌注新培养液量由1000ml 增到2300ml,第14天后又逐日减少至1000ml,死细胞数随着转速的增加和灌注量的减少而增多。血凝效价呈梯度上升,滴度达到2~(14),相当于腹水效价。培养6天 IgM 产量为0.2克/升/天,10～18天波动在1.45～1.8克/升/天。15B_4细胞代谢与葡萄糖、乳酸有关,与氨无关。CelliGen 自控效果较好,适用于杂交瘤细胞的高密度培养。搅拌速度在120～150r/min 对细胞产生的剪切力有明显地破坏作用。溶氧控制系统有待改进。     

Control Charts with Variable Dimension for Linear Combination of Poisson Variables

This article analyzes the simultaneous control of several correlated Poisson variables by using the Variable Dimension Linear Combination of Poisson Variables (VDLCP) control chart, which is a variable dimension version of the LCP chart. This control chart uses as test statistic, the linear combination of correlated Poisson variables in an adaptive way, i.e. it monitors either p₁ or p variables (p₁ < p) depending on the last statistic value. To analyze the performance of this chart, we have developed software that finds the best parameters, optimizing the out‐of‐control average run length (ARL) for a shift that the practitioner wishes to detect as quickly as possible, restricted to a fixed value for in‐control ARL. Markov chains and genetic algorithms were used in developing this software. The results show performance improvement compared to the LCP chart. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Low temperature thermal degradation of cellulosic insulating paper in air and transformer oil

The thermal degradation of cellulose in the form of Kraft insulating paper has been studied in air for up to 140 h and in transformer oil for up to 3500 h in the temperature range 60–120 °C using measurements of the degree of polymerization (DP) and (in oil) analysis of furanic degradation products. Degradation was faster in air than in oil. The DP decreased from the original value of 1.2 × 10³ to a limiting value in the range of 300–900 depending on temperature and degradation conditions. The variation of the DP with degradation time was consistent with two mechanisms, one in which the first‐order rate constant decreased exponentially with time, and another in which only a limited number of chain bonds were scissionable. The degradation rate was first order in scissionable bonds. The major furanic degradation products were 2‐furaldehyde, 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde and furfuryl alcohol. Their concentrations continually increased over the timescale of the experiments. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry