Association of solid fuel use with risk of stunting in children living in China

Stunting adversely affects physical and mental outcomes of children. It has not been examined whether household air pollution from solid fuel combustion is a risk factor for stunting in children. In a total of 41,439 children aged 6-17 across China, height was measured using a unified protocol. Multivariable linear regression models and logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of solid fuel use for cooking/heating with stunting in children. Adjusted for covariates, cooking/heating with solid fuel was significantly associated with a lower z-score for height for age and sex (β = −0.21 [−0.32 to −0.09] and −0.17 [−0.31 to −0.03], respectively) and an increased risk of stunting with an estimated ORs of 1.34 [1.07~1.68] and 1.37 [1.02~1.83], respectively. The risk of stunting associated with solid fuel use was statistically significant in high-age children. And the effect was greater on girls than on boys, though the difference was not statistically significant. Our study suggested that Chinese children living in households using solid fuel had a significantly higher risk of stunting than those living in households using cleaner fuel.     

Anchoring single Pt atoms on hollow Ag3VO4 spheres for improved activity towards photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction

The high cost of noble metal catalysts has been a great bottleneck for the catalyst industry. Using the noble metal at a single-atom level for catalytic applications could dramatically decrease the cost. The impacts of single Pt atoms on the photocatalytic performance of Ag₃VO₄ have been investigated and reported. In this report, single Pt atoms were anchored on the surface of Ag₃VO₄ (AVO) as a cocatalyst, and the resultant composite photocatalyst has been studied for photocatalytic H₂ production from water driven by visible light. The as-prepared AVO particles are hollow nanospheres in the monoclinic phase with a bandgap of 2.20 eV. The light absorption edge of AVO/Pt is slightly red-shifted compared to that of the pristine AVO, indicating more visible light absorption of AVO/Pt. The XPS peaks of Ag, V, and Pt exhibit a significant shift after AVO and Pt get into contact, suggesting the strong interaction between the surface Ag and V atoms, and single Pt atoms. After 3-h illumination, the photocatalytic H₂ evolution amount from AVO/Pt is improved up to 1400 μmol, which is 2.8 times that on the bare AVO. Such efficient photocatalytic H₂ evolution on AVO/Pt is still maintained after five reaction cycles. The better photocatalytic performance of AVO/Pt has been attributed to the more efficient visible light utilization and the lower interfacial charge transfer resistance, as demonstrated in the DRS and EIS spectra. The presence of the surface Pt atoms also leads to a higher amount of reactive radicals, which could efficiently promote the surface redox reactions.     

中国大陆PCB产业自动化的现况与未来

从中国大陆PCB发展的现况分析实行设备自动化连线为企业所创造的价值。设备自动化连线是中国大陆PCB必须面临的改革出路。     

BaxSr（1—x）TiO3多层膜椭偏光谱研究

用溶胶－凝胶技术在Bi(100）衬底上制备了单层和渐变型多层的BaxSr(1-X)TiO3薄膜，其膜层组分分别为：Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3,Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO,Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3,BaTiO3，对生长制备出的多层BaxSr(1-X)TiO3薄膜进行了变角度椭偏光谱测量，通过椭偏光谱解谱分析研究，首次得到了BaxSr(1-X)TiO3多层膜结构不同膜层的膜厚和光学常数，其结果显示：椭偏光谱分析得到的不同膜层的膜厚与卢瑟福背向散射测量得到的结果基本相符；渐变型多层膜中BaTiO3薄膜的折射率比单层BaTiO3薄膜折射率大许多，与体BaTiO3的折射率相接近，这说明渐变型多层膜中BaTiO3薄膜的光学性质与体材料的光学性质接近。     

装备知识管理效用及实施策略分析

知识军事时代，知识逐渐成为战斗力提升的核心要素。武器装备的知识化管理，即装备知识管理，作为一种新的管理理念逐渐引起人们的重视，并将成为武器装备管理发展的新趋势。从探讨装备领域实施知识管理（knowledge management，KM）的重要性及目前装备工作中存在的现实问题出发，从提高装备决策质量、提升装备人才工作能力、防止装备知识流失、促进装备知识传递等方面分析了实施装备知识管理可能产生的效用。同时，还分析了装备知识管理实施的基本策略，以此为基础概括出了装备知识管理具有操作意义的实施步骤。     

Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings with Nano-hydroxyapatite Prepared by Ultrasonic Precipitation Process

Nano-particle hydroxyapatite （ HA ） was prepared with a novel ultrasonic precipitation process and the as-prepared nanopowder was used to produce hydroxyapatite （ HA ） coatings on titanium substrate via plasma spraying. The phase and the microstructare of the coating were characterized by X- ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Results showed that spherical particles could be prepared by ultrasonic precipitation process; and a corresponding dense HA coating with molten surface and low-porosity cross-section structure was acquired. During the plasma spraying process, new phases of Ca3 （ PO4 ）2 and Ca2 P2O7 were generated. After heat-treating at 800℃ for 1 h, the contents of Ca3 （ PO4 ）2 and Ca2 P2O7 decreased while HA content increased. Tensile adhesion tests showed that the plasma sprayed coating prepared with the spherical nanoparticles exhibited high tensile bond strength.     

粘钢技术在输水管竖井加固中的应用

１９７６年汛前发现响水潭水库输水管竖井圆筒底部与闸室连接处的下游出现环形水平裂缝，对此当年曾加固处理。１９８６年复查时，发现竖井原处又出现了类似的环形裂缝，并有新的发展，为确保工程安全，于１９９４年３月再次加固。此次加固采用先止水，后粘钢板的加固方法，收到很好的效果。