Galvanic cell measurements on supersaturated activities of oxygen in Fe-Al-M (M=C, Te, Mn, Cr, Si, Ti, Zr, and Ce) melts

Using a mullite (3Al₂O₃ · 2SiO₂)-tube and ZrO₂-9 mol pct MgO-plug type solid electrolyte galvanic cells, the activities of supersaturated oxygen in Fe-0.0017 to 0.41 mass pct Al-M (M=C, Te, Mn, Cr, Si, Ti, Zr, and Ce) alloys were measured as a function of total Al or M contents at 1873 K in an alumina crucible. Based on these results, the effects of alloying elements on the supersaturated oxygen activity with respect to alumina precipitation were studied. In the Fe-Al-M (M=C, Te, Mn, Cr, and Si) alloys, the supersaturated oxygen activities for a given Al level approach the equilibrium values with increasing contents of alloying elements. However, the oxygen activities for a given Al level are still supersaturated in the Fe-Al-M (M=Ti, Zr, and Ce) alloys even in the presence of considerable amounts of the alloying elements.     

采用磁选和重选回收废旧电路板中的金属

采用磁选和重选联合工艺回收废旧印刷电路板中Fe、Cu、Al、Pb、Zn、Sn和Ni等金属。结果表明,采用干法磁选工艺,可回收的铁磁性物质约占废旧电路板质量分数的8．23％,重液分选可使金属与非金属有效分离,采用磁选和重选联合工艺可使Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni和Sn的回收率分别达到约100％、80％、65％、75％、88％和56％。     

基于事件触发机制的双编队车辆换道决策模型

针对由联网自动化车辆(connected and automated vehicle,CAV)组成的双编队车辆换道问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于事件触发的分布式换道决策模型.该模型针对双编队系统设计了一种编队内和编队间的一致性控制协议;同时,为了减少CAV车辆控制器的频繁更新,设计了一种基于组合测量方式的事件触发器,并给出Lyapunov函数证明了算法的稳定性且不存在Zeno行为.仿真结果表明,所设计的控制协议能够使双编队系统收敛一致,有效降低CAV控制器的更新频率,减少系统能耗.通过模型对比,在证明所提决策模型有效性的同时,系统能够更快地收敛.     

热集成变压精馏乙二醇脱水系统的控制方案优化

针对热集成变压精馏乙二醇脱水再生系统存在的操作不稳定等问题,基于Aspen Plus和Aspen Dynamics软件,在全流程稳态模拟的基础上,对其进行了动态模拟及控制方案优化。设计了改进型控制方案CS2,与常规控制方案CS1相比,两个塔的操作压力的控制回路是相互独立的,高压塔的塔釜液位由再沸器的导热油流量控制,低压塔的塔釜温度由塔釜的采出流量控制,再分别对进料流量和进料组成中乙二醇含量的阶跃变动的动态响应特性进行分析。结果表明,控制方案CS1基本能够抵抗进料流量和进料组成扰动对系统的影响,但相关控制响应会出现一定的滞后性,难以保证产品满足要求。改进的控制方案CS2对相同的进料流量和进料组成扰动有更好的抵抗能力,控制性能显著提高,保证乙二醇的质量分数不低88%,趋于稳定时产品质量变化幅度小于2%,且该方案在实际应用中涉及到的操作相对简单。本文为相关双塔耦合过程的稳定控制提供了一种新思路,对于双塔耦合在其他体系的工程应用也有借鉴作用。     

A scheme for generating a multi-photon NOON state based on cavity QED

A scheme for generating the two-mode maximally path-entangled state of multi-photon, i.e., the so-called NOON state, through use of cavity QED techniques is proposed. In the present scheme, the entanglement between two spatial modes is established by guiding a laser pulse through a single atom cavity firstly, and then is transferred to the entanglement of the fields of the two cavities. The multi-photon state is generated in either one of the cavities via the strong atom-light interaction stimulated by the laser pulse adiabatically. Consequently, the desired optical NOON state is obtained.     

基于双向出行链的电动汽车平抑电网波动策略

针对电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)时空转移随机性造成的电网波动问题,计及车主的性别差异、车主实时出行目的地不同和车辆双向行驶,提出了一种基于出行随机性双向出行链的EV充放电调度策略。考虑车主实际出行过程,建立EV双向出行链模型;考虑到男女车主出行过程中的性别差异,确定男女实时出行概率模型;以降低电网的波动为目标函数,考虑车主实时出行需求和EV实时荷电状态(state of change,SOC)建立调度模型,并依据所建立模型对EV进行充放电调度。在约280 m²的区域进行仿真分析,结果表明：双向出行链模型更接近用户实际出行规律,其调度策略能够在满足用户实际出行需求的同时,更好地抑制电网波动性。     

基于LM法的换流站关键设备宽频建模方法研究

直流输电系统换流站存在多种产生或传输谐波的电气设备,建立适用于仿真研究的换流站宽频模型十分重要。传统建模方法较为复杂,且不适用于低阶等效模型。因此,基于元件物理模型和阻抗特性,利用列文伯格-马夸尔特算法求解宽频模型参数、拟合阻抗特性曲线,并简化了宽频模型。然后据此建立了晶闸管、平波电抗器和换流变压器等换流站关键设备的宽频模型,验证了该方法的正确性。最后,将元件宽频模型等效电路应用于仿真模型,仿真对比表明宽频模型相比于理想模型,5次谐波幅值减小约基波的1.7%~1.8%,并且简化宽频模型可以加快仿真速度。     

Measurement of aluminum or silicon activity in Fe-Ni (< 30 %) alloys using mullite and ZrO2-based solid electrolyte galvanic cell

Using mullite (3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂)-tube type and ZrO₂ (MgO mole fractions of 9 %)-plug type solid electrolyte, the activities of Al in the Fe-15, 29% Ni-0.002 to 0.84% Al (mass contents in%) alloys were measured at 1873 K in an Al₂O₃ crucible, and those of Si in the Fe-13, 28% Ni-0.13 to 2.3% Si alloys were measured at 1823 K in a mullite crucible with an excess of SiO₂. The interaction coefficients of and were determined as ?0.0173 ± 0.0052 and 0.00021 ± 0.00007, respectively, and those of and were determined as 0.0094 ± 0.0049 and ?0.00008 ± 0.00004, respectively. The oxygen activities obtained by the EMF measurements were compared with those obtained from the contents of analyzed oxygen. The oxygen activities in the Fe-Ni-Al alloys were found to be supersaturated. The interaction coefficients of and were determined as 0.0027 ± 0.0012 and 0.00012 ± 0.00004, respectively, from the contents of analyzed oxygen in Fe-Ni-Si alloys.     

自发地理信息研究综述*

为了解当前自发地理信息的发展现状、存在问题和发展前景,对自发地理信息展开了研究。首先,介绍了自发地理信息的概念及其研究背景。然后,归纳统计了目前相关的研究文献,分析了自发地理信息的研究现状及其研究中亟待解决的难题。接着,根据研究侧重点的不同,将当前的自发地理信息研究领域总结为数据获取、数据处理和数据应用三个方面,并分别探讨各方面的研究现状、研究成果以及不足。最后,结合大数据研究背景,展望了自发地理信息的未来研究方向。研究表明,自发地理信息已成为地理信息的一个重要发展方向,但其数据处理、应用的理论和方法仍有待完善。     

气井涡流排水采气新技术及其应用

涡流排水采气技术是一项由中国石油天然气集团公司于2011年率先引进的排水采气新技术，既可应用于气井井下，也可应用于地面集输系统。为此，在论述了气井井下涡流排水采气的工艺原理、技术优点，工具组成、下入操作程序的基础上，总结了该技术在松辽盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地所取得的主要成果、经验与认识，并进一步提出了深入进行科研、试验与攻关的可行性建议。结论认为：应在总结升1-1、苏36-4-3等井试验经验的基础上，针对我国有水气田开发的实际情况，加强涡流排水采气工艺的适应性、影响因素及关键技术的研究，並从选井原则的合理确定、优化设计与座封方式、优化组合等方面入手，学习国外成功经验，进一步加快该项工艺技术在我国的推广应用步伐。