The response of the adult and ATD heads to impacts onto a rigid surface

Given the high incidence of TBI, head injury has been studied extensively using both cadavers and anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). However, few studies have benchmarked the response of ATD heads against human data. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the response of adult and ATD heads in impact, and to compare adult Hybrid III head responses to the adult head responses.     

Factor models for assessing the relation between creativity and intelligence.

Demonstrated that the usual 1st-order factor model is inappropriate for analyzing the factor structure of creativity and intelligence tests. An alternative model that allows for the estimation of unique covariances between the fluency and originality scores is proposed. Seven data sets were used to compare the fit of this model to the alternative model, whereby the unique covariances were constrained to be zero. Findings support the model with unconstrained unique covariances; when this model is used, creativity and intelligence are more readily recognized as separate dimensions. (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Home environment, self-concept, and academic achievement: A causal modeling approach.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 77(3) of Journal of Educational Psychology (see record 2008-10971-001). The caption to Figure 3 on page 1271 is incorrect. "SOSC = social self-concept" should read "NASC = nonacademic self-concept." In addition, on page 1274 in the Results section, the reference to McDonald & Leong (1974) should have been deleted.] Investigated the relation between home environment, self-concept, and academic achievement in 2,297 14–15 yr old Koreans. Data on Ss was collected in 4 different samples to test 4 structural equation models. Group 1 consisted of 537 males, Group 2 consisted of 537 males, Group 3 consisted of 611 females, and Group 4 consisted of 612 females. Results show that over the 4 samples, self-concept was a mediating variable between home environment and academic achievement. Results did not support the commonly held view that home environment exerts direct effects on academic achievement. Social status indicators had indirect effects on self-concept via family psychological characteristics. Academic self-concept affected academic achievement more strongly than did presentation-of-self or social self-concept. (51 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Development of tools to study lacto-N-biosidase: an important enzyme involved in the breakdown of human milk oligosaccharides

Milk and sugar? The elucidation of the catalytic mechanism and the development of the first known inhibitor for lacto-N-biosidases, which are important enzymes involved in the breakdown of human milk oligosaccharides, are described.     

Long-term nurse-patient interactions: Factors in patient compliance or noncompliance to the dietary regimen.

Examined nurse–patient interactions as factors in compliance/noncompliance to a hemodialysis dietary regimen (fluid restriction and no more than 3 lb weight gain), using 13 nurses and 38 adult outpatients at an independent hemodialysis-treatment facility. An interaction-process-analysis technique was used to code verbal interactions that occurred during treatment, and these were analyzed in relation to levels of dietary compliance/noncompliance of patients and length of nursing tenure. Emotionally positive and negative responses by nurses were positively associated with noncompliance to the dietary regimen, emotionally positive and negative responses by patients were positively associated with nursing tenure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of gypsum on growth and mineral content of Brussels sprouts,and soil properties of Orthic Podzols

Studies of crop response to Ca fertilizers are generally few as well as information concerning the Ca nutrition of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var.gemmifera). Six field studies were conducted, over three years, to determine yield response of Brussels sprouts to soil applied gypsum (CaSO₄.2H₂O), lime (calcite), and elemental S on sandy loam to loamy sand Orthic Podzols in Prince Edward Island. Relative yield of marketable (0–32mm) Brussels sprouts were related to soil ammonium acetate extractable Ca (r = 0.71). The highest yields (11 to 13 t ha^–1) were associated with an extractable Ca of above 400µg g^–1 soil, while a Ca level below 400µg reduced yield by 20%. Highest marketable yields were associated with a Ca level in the leaf tissue (in upper mature leaves at sprout formation) of above 2.2% (w/w) (r = 0.55), this in turn was associated (r = 0.87) with an extractable soil Ca above 400µg g^–1 soil. Calcite and elemental S did not influence yield or mineral content. Gypsum, as expected increased leaf S content, but leaf tissue S levels were not related to marketable yield. Slight decreases in soil pH due to increasing gypsum rate (0.5–4.3 t ha^–1) were associated with changing accumulations of B, Mn, Fe, Ca, and Zn in the leaf tissue. Gypsum had little effect on soil porosity and structure indices, but changing pH (in both gypsum and lime treatments) significantly influenced soil microbial biomass.     

Goal setting among adolescents: A comparison of delinquent, at-risk, and not-at-risk youth.

A series of studies was conducted to compare group differences in the goal orientations of delinquent, at-risk, and not-at-ask adolescents. An Importance of Goals Scale was developed by examining the item responses of 230 high school students and validated by administering the revised scale to 80 delinquent, 90 at-risk, and 90 not-at-risk adolescents. Results identified differences in the importance attributed to different goals by the 3 groups. Delinquent and at-risk adolescents attached significantly more importance to goals associated with developing a social image (e.g., delinquency, freedom–autonomy), whereas not-at-ask adolescents were more concerned with goals associated with an academic image (e.g., educational, interpersonal). Results are discussed in terms of their implications for school achievement, peer relations, and future life paths. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Assessment of student teachers by supervising teachers.

756 Australian student teachers were rated by supervising teachers on various criteria. Ratings were investigated in terms of reliability and factor structure. Regression analyses were used to determine which criteria supervisors emphasized. Results provide much confidence for the way in which supervising teachers rate student teachers. There was a tendency to use 2 major factors when rating: preparation and presentation. Differences were found between primary and secondary supervisors. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)