Probing of human implicit intent based on eye movement and pupillary analysis for augmented cognition

The ultimate purpose of augmented cognition is to enhance human cognitive abilities, which are intrinsically limited. To enhance limited human cognitive abilities, we developed a human augmented cognition system that can offer appropriate information or services by actively responding to the user's intention. This article mainly describes a framework for probing human implicit intentions for the purpose of augmented cognition. The type of user intention, either task‐free human implicit intention or task‐oriented human implicit intention, can be predicted based on fixation count, fixation length, and pupil size variation induced by eye response. Further, these features are used to detect the transition point between task‐free human implicit intention and task‐oriented human implicit intention. Maximum a Posteriori in Naïve Bayes classification model is used for selecting relevant query keywords to search and retrieve specific information from a personalized knowledge database. The experimental results show that the proposed human intention recognition and probing models are suitable for achieving the goal of augmented cognition. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 114–126, 2013     

Structural and Electrical Properties of Ni‐Substituted Mg‐Mn Nanoferrite by Coprecipitation Route

Ni²⁺ ions doped on Mg_0.40Mn_0.60‐xNi_xFe₂O₄ compositions with 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.60 have been synthesized by coprecipitation method and taken for the present work to study the dielectric properties and impedance characterization using the XRD and electrical measurements. The X‐ray diffraction and FT‐IR revealed that the ferrite has single‐phase cubic spinel structure. The calculated particle size from XRD data verified using SEM as well as AFM. These photographs show that the ferrites have crystalline size in the range of 20–50 nm. It was observed that the particle size decreased and Ni concentration increased. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreased with increase in nonmagnetic Ni²⁺ ions. Electrical properties indicate that synthesized nanoferrite particles have high resistivity.     

Size-dependent antimicrobial properties of sugar-encapsulated gold nanoparticles synthesized by a green method

The antimicrobial properties of dextrose-encapsulated gold nanoparticles (dGNPs) with average diameters of 25, 60, and 120 nm (± 5) and synthesized by green chemistry principles were investigated against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Studies were performed involving the effect of dGNPs on the growth, morphology, and ultrastructural properties of bacteria. dGNPs were found to have significant dose-dependent antibacterial activity which was also proportional to their size. Experiments revealed the dGNPs to be bacteriostatic as well as bactericidal. The dGNPs exhibited their bactericidal action by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane which leads to the leakage of cytoplasmic content. The overall outcome of this study suggests that green-synthesized dGNPs hold promise as a potent antibacterial agent against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria by preventing and controlling possible infections or diseases.     

Self-Powered Red/UV Narrowband Photodetector by Unbalanced Charge Carrier Transport Strategy

Narrowband photodetector (NB-PD) with selective light detection is critical for artificial vision and imaging. Intrinsic (optical-filter-free) NB-PDs using conjugated organics or halide perovskite materials have been developed for eliminating the current complex filtering systems in NB-PDs. However, the poor performance and external driving circuit of organic NB-PDs as well as complex doping and uncontrollable recombination reactions in typical perovskite NB-PDs have limited their applicational diversification. A p-type self-doped perovskite for intrinsic NB detection is reported which exhibits unique unbalanced electron–hole transfer kinetics. In conjunction with the optical field distribution, an unbalanced charge transport within the self-doped perovskite triggers a wavelength-dependent photo-carrier collection, resulting in a novel spontaneous internal quantum efficiency narrowing mechanism. As a result, by reverting the device architectural polarity, an NB detection at a monochromic light of either red or UV is observed. Using such a revertible asymmetric device design, self-powered NB-PDs are successfully achieved. Briefly, the corresponding NB-PDs exhibit excellent narrow response with a response window of ≈100 nm, high detectivity ≈10¹¹ Jones, and fast response speed (f_−3dB ≈ 60 kHz) at zero bias. These results demonstrate a new strategy of manipulating internal charge transport to realize power-free and filter-free intrinsic NB-PDs.     

User-side adaptive protection of location privacy in participatory sensing

The participatory sensing paradigm, through the growing availability of cheap sensors in mobile devices, enables applications of great social and business interest, e.g., electrosmog exposure measurement and early earthquake detection. However, users’ privacy concerns regarding their activity traces need to be adequately addressed as well. The existing static privacy-enabling approaches, which hide or obfuscate data, offer some protection at the expense of data value. These approaches do not offer privacy guarantees and heterogeneous user privacy requirements cannot be met by them. In this paper, we propose a user-side privacy-protection scheme; it adaptively adjusts its parameters, in order to meet personalized location-privacy protection requirements against adversaries in a measurable manner. As proved by simulation experiments with artificial- and real-data traces, when feasible, our approach not only always satisfies personal location-privacy concerns, but also maximizes data utility (in terms of error, data availability, area coverage), as compared to static privacy-protection schemes.     

Oxygen consumption prediction models for individual and combination materials handling tasks

An experiment was conducted to develop models to predict oxygen consumption of males and females engaged in common materials handling tasks including lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, (de)palletising and combination tasks involving lifting or lowering a box and carrying it a set distance and lifting or lowering it to the destination. Nineteen male and 19 female subjects participated in the study. A psychophysical approach was used to set load limits for individual subjects for the oxygen consumption protocol. The 8398 oxygen consumption values collected were entered into the initial regression analyses and 168 potential outliers were removed before the final models were run. In addition to relevant task variables, body weight was a significant predictor variable in all models. The r(2) values for the final models ranged from 0.54 to 0.82 and the root mean square errors ranged from 90.2 ml to 294.8 ml.     

QoS Constrained Network Coding Technique to Data Transmission Using IoT

The research work presents, constrained network coding technique to ensure the successful data transmission based composite channel cmos technology using dielectric properties. The charge fragmentation and charge splitting are two components of the filtered switch domino (FSD) technique. Further behavior of selected switching is achieved using generator called conditional pulse generator which is employed in Multi Dynamic Node Domino (MDND) technique. Both FSD and MDND technique need wide area compared to existing single node-keeper domino technique. The aim of this research is to minimize dissipation of power and to achieve less consumption of power. The proposed research, works by introducing the method namely Interference and throughput aware Optimized Multicast Routing Protocol (IT-OMRP). The main goal of this proposed research method is to introduce the system which can forward the data packets towards the destination securely and successfully. To achieve the bandwidth and throughput in optimized data transmission, proposed multicast tree is selected by Particle Swarm Optimization which will select the most optimal host node as the branches of multi cast tree. Here node selection is done by considering the objectives residual energy, residual bandwidth and throughput. After node selection multi cast routing is done with the concern of interference to ensure the reliable and successful data transmission. In case of transmission range size is higher than the coverage sense range, successful routing is ensured by selecting secondary host forwarders as a backup which will act as intermediate relay forwarders. The NS2 simulator is used to evaluate research outcome from which it is proved that the proposed technique tends to have increased packet delivery ratio than the existing work.