Forging furnace with thermochemical waste-heat recuperation by natural gas reforming: Fuel saving and heat balance

This paper considers thermochemical recuperation (TCR) of waste-heat using natural gas reforming by steam and combustion products. Combustion products contain steam (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and ballast nitrogen (N₂). Because endothermic chemical reactions take place, methane steam-dry reforming creates new synthetic fuel that contains valuable combustion components: hydrogen (H₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and unreformed methane (CH₄). There are several advantages to performing TCR in the industrial furnaces: high energy efficiency, high regeneration rate (rate of waste-heat recovery), and low emission of greenhouse gases (CO₂, NO_x). As will be shown, the use of TCR is significantly increasing the efficiency of industrial furnaces – it has been observed that TCR is capable of reducing fuel consumption by nearly 25%. Additionally, increased energy efficiency has a beneficial effect on the environment as it leads to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.     

On stochastic comparisons of finite mixtures for some semiparametric families of distributions

In this paper, we consider the classical finite mixture model, which is an effective tool for modeling lifetime distributions for random samples from heterogeneous populations. We discuss new results on stochastic comparison for two finite mixtures when each of them is drawn from one of the following semiparametric families, i.e., proportional hazards, accelerated lifetime and proportional reversed hazards.     

Low-Temperature Growth of the CdS Cubic Phase by Atomic-Layer Deposition on SiC/Si Hybrid Substrates

Technical Physics Letters - A new method for epitaxial growth of cadmium sulfide (CdS) films in the metastable cubic phase by atomic-layer deposition on silicon substrates with a buffer layer of...     

Measurement of the Hardness of Thin Films

A method for evaluating the hardness of coatings with nanosize thickness is suggested. The method includes the determination of the hardness of the “coating-substrate” composition by indenting the coating and subsequent computation of the hardness with the use of the additivity rule. This requires determination of the thickness of the coating, of the hardness of the substrate, and of the indentation depth.     

Electromechanical Conversions in Composite Dielectric Materials During Complex Thermomechanical Excitation

It is shown that the degree of the stress-strain state created by temperature field can be estimated by using the electromechanical conversion phenomenon. It is established that the electromagnetic response to impact excitation of composite materials is a structure-sensitive characteristic.     

DBS电视接收机低中频与直接转换调谐器的比较

CMOS技术是把L波段卫星调谐器、解调器和其它功能整合至低成本、高效能单芯片的关键。本文将探讨新型低中频和传统零中频DBS调谐器架构在单芯片DBS射频前端设计中的优缺点。     

Nonlinear dynamics of a plasma torch generated by a laser pulse of large width

Experimental data on the nonlinear dynamics of a plasma torch generated by a laser pulse of large width acting upon a graphite target are presented and discussed. The mushroom shape of the luminous region and the duration of emission observed in experiment are explained by the development of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability at the carbon plasma-air interface and by the formation of nanoparticles in the plasma expanding into the buffer gas.     

Optical properties of a nonequilibrium vibrationally excited gas

Conclusion The study of the optical properties of vibrationally excited gas is part of the general problem of studying the physicochemical properties of a nonequilibrium gas. A nonequilibrium gas is a new state of a substance with extraordinary properties. Since stationary nonequilibrium is maintained by external pumping, then by changing the external conditions the properties of a nonequilibrium gas can be altered within quite broad limits. The presence of an excess reserve of internal (vibrational) energy transforms the medium into a nonlinear one. The characteristics of the medium start to depend on factors disturbing the nonequilibrium. On the other hand the disturbing factors themselves, say, the optical or gasdynamic disturbance, the charged particle fluxes, etc., will depend in turn on the nonequilibrium that they produce. Such self-consistency makes solution of the problem difficult but then it results in new phenomena such as self-focusing.Notation N_Av Avogadro number - density - n refractive index - N density of the number of molecules - their mean polarizability - Q_j set of normal coordinates - W₀ energy of a molecule without a field - gv _j statistical weight of the vibrational statev _j with normal coordinate Q_j - m_j reduced mass - _j frequency of the j-th mode - x_e anharmony constant of the molecule - probing radiation wavelength - shift of the interference fringe - d length of the interferometer arm - r₀ initial light beam radius Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 824–838, May, 1989.