Feature Selection for Detecting ICMPv6-Based DDoS Attacks Using Binary Flower Pollination Algorithm

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the latest version of IP that goal to host 3.4 × 10³⁸ unique IP addresses of devices in the network. IPv6 has introduced new features like Neighbour Discovery Protocol (NDP) and Address Auto-configuration Scheme. IPv6 needed several protocols like the Address Auto-configuration Scheme and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6). IPv6 is vulnerable to numerous attacks like Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) which is one of the most dangerous attacks executed through ICMPv6 messages that impose security and financial implications. Therefore, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a monitoring system of the security of a network that detects suspicious activities and deals with a massive amount of data comprised of repetitive and inappropriate features which affect the detection rate. A feature selection (FS) technique helps to reduce the computation time and complexity by selecting the optimum subset of features. This paper proposes a method for detecting DDoS flooding attacks (FA) based on ICMPv6 messages using a Binary Flower Pollination Algorithm (BFPA-FA). The proposed method (BFPA-FA) employs FS technology with a support vector machine (SVM) to identify the most relevant, influential features. Moreover, The ICMPv6-DDoS dataset was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through different attack scenarios. The results show that the proposed method BFPA-FA achieved the best accuracy rate (97.96%) for the ICMPv6 DDoS detection with a reduced number of features (9) to half the total (19) features. The proven proposed method BFPA-FA is effective in the ICMPv6 DDoS attacks via IDS.     

The Status of Music: A Multicolor Sub/millimeter MKID Instrument

We report on the recent progress of the Multicolor Submillimeter (kinetic) Inductance Camera, or MUSIC. MUSIC will use antenna-coupled Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors to observe in four colors (150 GHz, 230 GHz, 290 GHz and 350 GHz) with 2304 detectors, 576 per band, at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. It will deploy in 2012. Here we provide an overview of the instrument, focusing on the array design. We have also used a pathfinder demonstration instrument, DemoCam, to identify problems in advance of the deployment of MUSIC. In particular, we identified two major limiters of our sensitivity: out-of-band light directly coupling to the detectors (i.e. not through the antenna), effectively an excess load, and a large 1/f contribution from our amplifiers and electronics. We discuss the steps taken to mitigate these effects to reach background-limited performance (BLIP) in observation.     

Failure Investigation of Cracks in Bolted Flange

Cracks were observed on the outer diameter of the bolted flanges of a number of large control valves in high temperature service. An investigation was launched to determine the cause of cracking and propose corrective action. Metallurgical failure analysis and finite element analysis techniques were used to investigate the fracture, and concluded that the failures occurred due to thermal fatigue. A structural assessment performed on a cracked flange concluded that the cracks do not have an adverse effect on the integrity of the flange and it was concluded that the cracked flanges could be safely returned to service.     

ISOMERIZATION OF n-HEXANE AND n-PENTANE MIXTURE ON Pt-ALUMINA CATALYST

A mixture of n-hexane and n-pentane (1:1) by volume was isomerized on commercial Pt-alumina catalyst in a continuously fixed-bed reactor at atmospheric pressure. The effect of temperature, LHSV, hydrogen/hydrocarbon molar ratio and chlorine concentration were studied.

It was found that the yield of isohexanes and isopentane increases with increasing the chloride added up to 0.1 and 0.2 mole % CCl₄ respectively. The rate of isomerization became slower at higher concentrations.

Isomerization activity of the catalyst increases with increasing temperature ranging between 350-400°C. The yield of isomers decrease with increasing temperature above 400°C.

The relative conversion of n-hexane in the mixture was found to be more than the conversion of pure n-hexane at the same conditions.     

Measurement Information: Scales and Conversions

A theoretical group apparatus is utilized to demonstrate the closeness of scale theory to measurement conversions. The merits of a projective group of conversions are revealed. A geometric interpretation of the measurement procedure is given.