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排序方式: 共有157条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
N. C. W. Kuijpers W. H. Kool P. T. G. Koenis K. E. Nilsen I. Todd S. van der Zwaag 《Materials Characterization》2002,49(5)
During homogenisation of AA 6xxx aluminium alloys, the platelike β-AlFeSi intermetallic phase will transform to a less Si-rich and more spheroidised α-Al(FeMn)Si phase which is more favourable for extrusion. In this study, several quantitative methods, which determine the relative volume fraction of α-Al(FeMn)Si and β-AlFeSi, are compared and an assessment of each method is made. The methods used are optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) using polished samples, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) on intermetallics, extracted through selective dissolution of the Al matrix. The highest accuracy is obtained by using SEM/EDX analysis and applying two criteria. 相似文献
2.
Thin films of CaCO3 (calcite) have been grown with the atomic layer chemical vapour deposition (ALCVD) technique, using Ca(thd)2 (Hthd=2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptan-3,5-dione), CO2, and ozone as precursors. Pulse parameters for the ALCVD-type growth are found and self-limiting reaction conditions are established between 200 and 400 °C. Calcium carbonate films have been deposited on soda-lime glass, Si(100), -Al2O3(001), -Al2O3(012), -SiO2(001), and MgO(100) substrates. The observed textures were: in-plane oriented films with [100](001)CaCO3 [100](001)Al2O3 and [100](001)CaCO3[110](001)Al2O3 on -Al2O3(001), amorphous films on -Al2O3(012) when grown at 250 °C, and columnar oriented films on soda-lime glass, Si(001), -SiO2(001), and MgO(100) substrates with (00l) and (104) parallel to the substrate plane at 250 and 350 °C, respectively. The film topography was studied by atomic force microscopy and AC impedance characteristics were measured on as-deposited films at room temperature. The films were found to be insulating with a dielectric constant (r) typically approximately 8. Thin films of CaO were obtained by heat treatment of the carbonate films at 670 °C in a CO2-free atmosphere, but the thermal decomposition led to a significant increase in surface roughness. 相似文献
3.
4.
Wegard Skistad Shewangizaw Teketel Francesca Lønstad Bleken Pablo Beato Silvia Bordiga Merete Hellner Nilsen Unni Olsbye Stian Svelle Karl Petter Lillerud 《Topics in Catalysis》2014,57(1-4):143-158
Product flexibility is key to meeting fluctuating chemicals demands in the future. In this contribution, the methanol to hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction was investigated over two Ge-containing H-ITQ-13 samples, one with needle-like (H-ITQ-13(N), with (Si+Ge)/Al) = 42) and another with plate-like (H-ITQ-13(P), with (Si+Ge)/Al > 100) morphology. The samples were characterised using XRD, BET, SEM/EDS and FTIR spectroscopy, and their MTH performance was compared with the performance of H-ZSM-5 and H-ZSM-22. Similar specific surface areas (413 and 455 m2 g?1 for H-ITQ-13(N) and (P), respectively) and similar acid strength (Δν ~ ?327(?310) cm?1) was observed for the two H-ITQ-13 samples. Testing of H-ITQ-13(N) at weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) = 2–8 h?1 at 350–450 °C revealed that C5+ alkenes were the main products (35–45 % selectivity at 400 °C), followed by propene and butene. A low but significant selectivity for aromatic products was observed (6–8 % selectivity at 400 °C). Product selectivity was found to be independent of deactivation. The methanol conversion capacity of H-ITQ-13(N) was 120–150 g methanol g?1 catalyst at 400 °C. Testing H-ITQ-13 at high (30 atm) and ambient pressure, respectively, at 350 °C showed that a high pressure led to enhanced C5+ selectivity, but close to a tenfold decrease in methanol conversion capacity. H-ITQ-13(P) was tested at 400 °C and 2 h?1. It gave lower conversion than H-ITQ-13(N). Furthermore, when compared at the same conversion level, H-ITQ-13(P) gave higher C5+ alkene selectivity, lower aromatics selectivity, and a higher propene to ethene ratio than H-ITQ-13(N). The H-ITQ-13 samples yielded a product spectrum intermediate of H-ZSM-22 and H-ZSM-5. The effluent product cut-off of H-ITQ-13 was similar to that of H-ZSM-5 with tetramethylbenzene as the largest significant product, while H-ZSM-22 produced mainly linear and branched alkenes. The lifetime of H-ITQ-13(N) was clearly enhanced compared to H-ZSM-22, but inferior to H-ZSM-5. 相似文献
5.
Selçuk Yildirim Bettina Röcker Marit Kvalvåg Pettersen Julie Nilsen‐Nygaard Zehra Ayhan Ramune Rutkaite Tanja Radusin Patrycja Suminska Begonya Marcos Véronique Coma 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2018,17(1):165-199
The traditional role of food packaging is continuing to evolve in response to changing market needs. Current drivers such as consumer's demand for safer, “healthier,” and higher‐quality foods, ideally with a long shelf‐life; the demand for convenient and transparent packaging, and the preference for more sustainable packaging materials, have led to the development of new packaging technologies, such as active packaging (AP). As defined in the European regulation (EC) No 450/2009, AP systems are designed to “deliberately incorporate components that would release or absorb substances into or from the packaged food or the environment surrounding the food.” Active packaging materials are thereby “intended to extend the shelf‐life or to maintain or improve the condition of packaged food.” Although extensive research on AP technologies is being undertaken, many of these technologies have not yet been implemented successfully in commercial food packaging systems. Broad communication of their benefits in food product applications will facilitate the successful development and market introduction. In this review, an overview of AP technologies, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant or carbon dioxide‐releasing systems, and systems absorbing oxygen, moisture or ethylene, is provided, and, in particular, scientific publications illustrating the benefits of such technologies for specific food products are reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges in applying such AP technologies to food systems and the anticipated direction of future developments are discussed. This review will provide food and packaging scientists with a thorough understanding of the benefits of AP technologies when applied to specific foods and hence can assist in accelerating commercial adoption. 相似文献
6.
Cousinou M Nilsen B López-Barea J Dorado G 《The Science of the total environment》2000,247(2-3):213-225
7.
C Beisland S Kolltveit BH Nilsen NH Hagness 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,118(12):1860-1862
Tetanus has become an uncommon disease in developed countries. Tetanus is caused by exotoxins from the bacteria Clostridium tetani. This microbe, which is obligate anaerobe, is present in soil, and animal and human faeces. The condition usually appears after contamination of wounds. However, reports have been published of tetanus occurring after both acute and selective gastrointestinal surgery. We present a case of severe postoperative tetanus in a 57 year-old woman who underwent bowel resection after strangulation of the ileum. The patient was treated on an intensive care unit and was artificially ventilated for 64 days. Seven months later she had fully recovered. Clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and complications are discussed in the report. The diagnosis of tetanus is made by clinical observation. Nowadays, lack of suspicion of this condition may cause delay in administering proper treatment. Women and older men are often inadequately immunized. Doctors should therefore examine the immunization status of these groups of patients regularly. 相似文献
8.
B. Nilsen 《Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment》2000,58(3):173-178
The paper discusses alternative approaches to stability analyses including the traditional deterministic principle, the so-called
partial factor principle and the probabilistic approach which assesses the probability of failure rather than the factor of
safety. To illustrate the different principles and approaches, stability analyses of road cuts near Trondheim, central Norway,
are used as examples. It is concluded that although the traditional deterministic approach has the advantage of being well
established and easy to understand, to conform with new standards and guidelines it is likely to be replaced by the partial
factor principle. To obtain the best possible basis for evaluation it is useful to include a probabilistic analysis.
Received: 5 August 1999 · 28 August 1999 相似文献
9.
Indentation studies were carried out on a two-phase model system of alpha-beta brass so as to understand the role of phase boundary on the propagation of deformation. Unlike in the case of uniaxial loading, the phase boundary acts as a very effective barrier for slip propagation, irrespective of its geometry. 相似文献
10.
This paper shows that fluorescence spectroscopy can measure both degradation of photosensitizers and formation of lipid oxidation products in light-exposed butter. The photosensitizers were already notably degraded after 4 h of light exposure, whereas fluorescent lipid oxidation products were detected after 5 d. The fluorescence measurements were highly correlated with sensory assessments of acidic and rancid flavor. Photosensitizer degradation is therefore a promising indirect indicator of the onset of lipid oxidation in butter. Sensory analysis and measurement of peroxide value showed that the level of lipid oxidation was significantly higher for butter stored in air compared with butter stored in nitrogen (N2). This might be explained by the formation of singlet oxygen from direct photooxidation and type II photosensitized oxidation. Addition of the singlet oxygen quencher β-carotene reduced the rancid flavor intensity in the air and N2 packages from 9.0 to 4.9 and from 6.5 to 4.7, respectively. Results indicate that lipid oxidation in the butter stored in N2 was mainly caused by type I photosensitized reactions, because addition of β-carotene had little effect on the rancid flavor intensity. 相似文献