Photon and vibration synergism on planar defects induced 2D-graphitic carbon nitride for ultrafast remediation of dyes and antibiotic ampicillin

Journal of Materials Science - Hybrid oxidation methodologies (HOMs) and active site enrichment of 2D nanocatalyst through defects induction are ubiquitously used for generating adequate reactive...     

The impact of SONET digital cross-connect system architecture ondistributed restoration

The viability of distributed control restoration using digital cross-connect systems (DCS) depends on its capability for restoring services within specified time requirements, and its economics for providing restoration compared to other alternatives. The authors report a Bellcore study for the impact of the DCS architecture on distributed restoration. This study concludes that currently proposed distributed control DCS self-healing schemes may not meet the 2 second restoration objective for large metropolitan local exchange carrier's networks, regardless of the distributed algorithm used, if the present DCS system architecture which uses serial message processing and serial path cross-connection remains unchanged. They also discuss several DCS architecture enhancement options, including a parallel processing/cross-connect DCS architecture, which may improve the service restoration time     

Dual-Metal Double-Gate with Low-k/High-k Oxide Stack Junctionless MOSFET for a Wide Range of Protein Detection: a Fully Electrostatic Based Numerical Approach

Silicon - We investigate the performance of a dielectric modulated dual-metal double-gate with low-k/high-k oxide stack junctionless MOSFET (DM-DG-LK/HK-S JL-MOSFET) based sensor device for...     

Micropore characterization using the Dubinin-Astakhov equation to analyze high pressure CO2 (273 K) adsorption data

The characterization of the pore structure of microporous materials is of interest because of the usefulness of these materials in many applications. Of these, the characterization of carbon adsorbents is particularly problematic because of the presence of small pores with size on the order of small molecules (micropores) along with a wide distribution of pore sizes, and their non-crystalline structure. In this paper, we present results obtained using the Dubinin-Astakhov equation to analyze data from high pressure CO₂ adsorption at 273 K to characterize two sets of microporous carbons. Our results support the conclusions of previous workers that the Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) equation is able to linearize adsorption data that gives rise to curved Dubinin-Radushkevich plots. However, when applied over different ranges of relative pressure on the adsorption isotherm, the Dubinin-Astakhov plots result in different values of micropore volume and characteristic adsorption potential. Furthermore, DA analysis of CO₂ (273 K) adsorption data over a wide range of pressures (10^–3–22000 Tort), gives results different from DA analysis of CO₂ (273 K) isotherms measured at low pressures only (10^–3–830 Tort). It would appear desirable to apply the DA equation to data that reflects the entire range of micropore filling on the adsorption isotherm, as opposed to data over a limited relative pressure range. For CO₂ adsorption at 273 K, this would necessitate adsorption studies at high pressures, to about 28 atm. Micropore volumes obtained in this manner, agreed with the total pore volumes determined by nitrogen (77 K) adsorption for all the activated carbons studied.     

Artificial Neural Network and Grey Wolf Optimizer Based Surrogate Simulation-Optimization Model for Groundwater Remediation

We herein propose a simulation-optimization model for groundwater remediation, using PAT (pump and treat), by coupling artificial neural network (ANN) with the grey wolf optimizer (GWO). The input and output datasets to train and validate the ANN model are generated by repetitively simulating the groundwater flow and solute transport processes using the analytic element method (AEM) and random walk particle tracking (RWPT). The input dataset is the different realization of the pumping strategy and output dataset are hydraulic head and contaminant concentration at predefined locations. The ANN model is used to approximate the flow and transport processes of two unconfined aquifer case studies. The performance evaluation of the ANN model showed that the value of mean squared error (MSE) is close to zero and the value of the correlation coefficient (R) is close to 0.99. These results certainly depict high accuracy of the ANN model in approximating the AEM-RWPT model. Further, the ANN model is coupled with the GWO and it is used for remediation design using PAT. A comparison of the results of the ANN-GWO model with solutions of ANN-PSO (ANN-Particle Swarm Optimization) and ANN-DE (ANN-Differential Evolution) models illustrates the better stability and convergence behaviour of the proposed methodology for groundwater remediation.

     

Multi-objective optimization in wire-electro-discharge machining of TiC reinforced composite through Neuro-Genetic technique

This paper proposed a Neuro-Genetic technique to optimize the multi-response of wire electro-discharge machining (WEDM) process. The technique was developed through hybridization of a radial basis function network (RBFN) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The machining was done on 5 vol% titanium carbide (TiC) reinforced austenitic manganese steel metal matrix composite (MMC). The proposed Neuro-Genetic technique was found to be potential in finding several optimal input machining conditions which can satisfy wide requirements of a process engineer and help in efficient utilization of WEDM in industry.     

Antineoplastic and antioxidant potential of phycofabricated silver nanoparticles using microalgae Chlorella minutissima

This study for the first time reports on fresh water microalgae Chlorella minutissima aqueous extract (CmAe) which was utilized for the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and tested their antineoplastic potential against Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. The characteristic colour change of the reaction mixture from greenish yellow to yellowish brown confirmed the synthesis of Chlorella minutissima silver nanoparticles (CmAgNPs). Microscopic analysis revealed CmAgNPs to be spherical‐shaped with particle size ranging from 10 to 30 nm. The carbohydrates and proteins distinctive peaks were observed in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra which suggested these biomolecules acted as reducing and capping agents. Further, the crystalline nature of CmAgNPs was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. CmAgNPs showed maximum free radical scavenging proving it to be more potent antioxidant agent as compared to CmAe. The mortality rate of HepG2 cells treated with CmAgNPs was found to be 91.8 % at 120 μg/ml with IC₅₀ value 12.42 ± 1.096 μg/ml after 48 h whereas no effect was observed on normal Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK 293) cells. Fluorescent images of the treated HepG2 cells revealed the formation of apoptotic bodies, condensed nuclei and cell shrinkage indicating their effectiveness against the cancer cells.Inspec keywords: silver, nanoparticles, nanomedicine, microorganisms, cellular biophysics, nanofabrication, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, proteins, Fourier transform infrared spectra, molecular biophysics, X‐ray chemical analysis, X‐ray diffraction, kidney, cancer, biomedical materialsOther keywords: antineoplastic potential, antioxidant potential, phycofabricated silver nanoparticle, Chlorella minutissima, freshwater microalgae, aqueous extract, liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, CmAgNP synthesis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, carbohydrate, protein, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, biomolecule, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, elemental silver signal, CmAgNP crystalline, X‐ray diffraction analysis, antioxidant agent, HepG2 cell mortality rate, human embryonic kidney, HEK 293 cell, fluorescent image, apoptotic body formation, condensed nuclei, cell shrinkage, cancer cell, antineoplastic agent, Ag     

Green biosynthesis,characterisation and antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles using fruit extract of Solanum viarum

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is considered an efficient method when compared with chemical and physical methods because of its bulk production, eco‐friendliness and low cost norms. The present study reports, for the first time, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at room temperature using Solanum viarum fruit extract. The visual appearance of brownish colour with an absorption band at 450 nm, as detected by ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometer analysis, confirmed the formation of AgNPs. X‐ray diffraction confirmed the AgNPs to be crystalline with a face‐centred lattice. The transmission electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy image showed the AgNPs are poly‐dispersed and are mostly spherical and oval in shape with particle size ranging from 2 to 40 nm. Furthermore, Fourier transform‐infrared spectra of the synthesised AgNPs confirmed the presence of phytoconstituents as a capping agent. The antimicrobial activity study showed that the AgNPs exhibited high microbial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus susp. aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans. The highest antimicrobial activity of AgNPs synthesised by S. viarum fruit extract was observed in P. aeruginosa, S. aureus susp. aureus and C. albicans with zone of inhibition, 26.67 mm.Inspec keywords: nanomedicine, antibacterial activity, X‐ray chemical analysis, nanoparticles, transmission electron microscopy, particle size, infrared spectra, microorganisms, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform spectra, ultraviolet spectra, scanning electron microscopy, visible spectra, nanofabricationOther keywords: green biosynthesis, antimicrobial activities, silver nanoparticles, green synthesis, physical methods, study reports, solanum viarum fruit, ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometer analysis, high microbial activity, highest antimicrobial activity, s. viarum fruit, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy image     

Antitumor, immunomodulatory and anti-HIV effect of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone

We proposed previously a cyclic code made of 22 triplets, which we now call the AB code. It is made up of the following chain: AUGGUGCCAUUCAAGACUAUGA. The letters A, U, C, G represent the classical symbols of the (purine and pyrimidine) bases of the genetic code. This chain presents the following features: (1) when it is in cyclic form, it begins with the initiation codon AUG, ends with the termination codon UGA, and it can be read triplet after triplet by choosing 1 and only 1 representative of each synonymy class in the classical degenerate genetic code made of 64 triplets. The chain, therefore, possesses 1 and only 1 codon for each amino-acid; (2) except for the doublet CG, triplets of the chain begin with the 15 other possible doublets of bases (satisfying the "wobble" hypothesis presented by Crick); (3) it corresponds (except for 1 base) to the "loop" part of the CEnothera mitochondrial Gly-tRNA; (4) it can be modified, without loss of the properties (1) and (2), in such a way as to have 15 bases in common with the loop part of other mitochondrial tRNA's considered as primitive, like Ala-, Pro- and Arg-tRNA; (5) it contains the most frequent triplets, but not the most rare ones, appearing in the genome of numerous species; (6) it exhibits a coherent internal structure with respect to the molecular weight of its triplets. This structure, also found in the loop part of mitochondrial tRNA's, contains an excess of AU bases with respect to GC bases. This fact has no explanation in the classical probabilistic model of the tRNA's. Therefore, we propose the cyclic AB code as a primitive genetic structure with the essential coding properties of the present genetic code.