A Distributed Routing Method for Dynamic Multicasting

Single point, sender based control does not scale well for multicast delivery. For applications, such as group video or teleconferencing a low total cost multicast tree is required. In this article we present a destination driven algorithm to minimize the total tree cost of multicast tree in a dynamic situation for the whole session duration. In this heuristic approach we considered the staying duration of participants are available at the time of joining. The performance of our algorithm is analyzed through extensive simulation and evaluated against several other existing dynamic multicast routing and also against one well known near optimum heuristic algorithm used for solving Steiner tree problem. We have further tested our algorithm using erroneous information given by the joining participants. Simulation results show that its performance does not degrade that much even when the range of error is considerably high, which proves the robustness of our algorithm.     

New nanocomposite materials based on polymerization of [oligo(oxyethylene) methacrylates] in the presence of montmorillonite clay

Intercalation of poly[oligo(oxyethylene) methacrylates] onto sodium montmorillonite (MMT) clay has been investigated. A polymer–clay hybrid has been synthesized through intercalation of the monomer followed by its solution free‐radical polymerization. Eight polymer–clay hybrids were prepared using different weight ratios of clay, different oligo(oxyethylene) lengths and different proportions of crosslinker. Evidence of the development of nanostructures is obtained from scanning electron microscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction studies support these results which show disappearance of the peak characteristic to d₀₀₁ spacing. In this hybrid MMT is dispersed homogeneously in the polymer matrix. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Transference and retrieval of voice message over low signal strength in satellite communication

This paper presents a method of transferring voice using short messaging service in satellite communication system. The method is especially applicable in a situation where signal strength is low and voice call is not possible. In a tunnel, basement or environment with bad climate conditions, signal strength usually gets weak which make voice call difficult but SMS works in such situation. An application has been developed using J2ME language in order to test the proposed method. For experimentation, Thuraya SG-2520 satellite phone has been used.     

Developing Faculty ICT Competencies Inside and Outside the Library

Despite all the financial resources that are directed to support and acquire learning technologies, the results have been generally disappointing. Faculty are eager to use technology but lack the technical skills, ability, and experience. Library staff includes a talent tool rich in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)/WEB 2.0 technical expertise and experience. In terms of content sourcing and procurement, library technical services and selection staff have broad knowledge of the marketplace for online information and content as well as experience in licensing access. They have a firm grasp of the transaction process, workflows, pricing, and licensing negotiations. Content development and sourcing inevitably involves access management, online storage, copyright, and licensing—things at which libraries are good. ICT deployment is changing teaching and learning on campuses, and the roles of those involved in teaching and learning are also changing. Whether formally through mandated library services, or informally through back channels, library staff are supporting faculty new technology use as well as faculty teaching materials content sourcing and procurement.     

Technical Relevance of Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposite with Organically Modified Montmorillonite: A Review

This review covers almost all known categories of compounds used for nanoclay surface modification with special emphasis on organic modification of layered silicate montmorillonite. Commonly used organic modifiers include quaternary ammonium ions, quaternary phosphonium ions, and amino acids. Dispersion of organomodified nanoclays in epoxy is particularly focused upon in this article. Epoxy-based materials are used as convenient matrices for montmorillonite dispersion since years due to superior properties of resulting polymeric nanocomposites, such as mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, flammability, and thermal stability. Owing to their high performance epoxy nanocomposites have endless applications in aerospace, automotives, construction, electrical, adhesives, and coating industries.     

Progress on Epoxy/Polyamide and Inorganic Nanofiller-Based Hybrids: Introduction,Application, and Future Potential

An efficient method to obtain better properties of epoxy-based nanocomposites is to introduce thermoplastic polymer such as polyamide into thermosetting resin. Combined effect of both polymers provides extra-bonding sites for nanofiller dispersion. This review mainly covers inorganic nanofiller dispersed epoxy/polyamide nanocomposite and their applications. To understand interaction between thermoset epoxy and thermoplastic polyamide, knowledge of structure, synthesis, and categorization is worth important. Addition of inorganic nanofiller such as layered silicate and metal oxide results in enhanced thermomechanical, physiochemical, and anticorrosive properties of resultant nanocomposite. These nanocomposites have applications as protective coatings, adhesives, insulators in electrical devices, and in aerospace industries.     

Chitosan/CNTs nanocomposite as green carrier material for pesticides controlled release

Chitosan-based nanocomposites containing gamma-treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were developed for controlled release of pesticide. The CNTs were irradiated under gamma irradiation in air at different doses. The transmission electron microscopic images of gamma-treated CNTs showed disentanglement of the tubes without distorting their tubular structure which effectively increased the dispersion properties of CNTs in nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction analysis of CNTs showed some structural changes, and an irradiation dose of 150 kGy is the most effective. Azinphos methyl (AZM) was selected as a model drug, and its release was studied using HPLC technique. Controlled release response of CNTs-based nanocomposites opens a new avenue for pesticides applications because it requires less quantity of pesticides. As a result, the side effects of pesticide in our environment are minimized.     

Microwave assisted synthesis and antimicrobial activity of Fe3O4-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles

Composites play important role in dental filling by controlling shrinkage along with correction in teeth's shape and position. Rehabilitation of severely worn dentition can be achieved using mechanically strong composites. This study aims to synthesize zirconia-based composites to be used as dental fillers. Effect of microwave powers (100–900?W) along with Fe₃O₄ doping are studied on the structural, mechanical and magnetic properties of stabilized zirconia. SEM and TEM reveal formation of spherical nanoparticles with diameter of ～30?nm. XRD results shows phase pure tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO₂) at microwave power of 500?W without any post heat treatment. Crystallite size calculated from XRD data (～23?nm) matches well with the previously reported value for stabilization of t-ZrO₂. Microwave energy dissipation results in stresses causing volume shrinkage leading to monoclinic to tetragonal phase transformation with higher X-ray density and hardness of ～1347HV. VSM results show ferromagnetic response with low coercivity (600Oe) value and saturation magnetization (～2emu/g). It is worth mentioning here that this is one of its kind study reporting synthesis of room temperature stabilized Fe₃O₄ doped zirconia composites at microwave power of 500?W. Antibacterial studies reveal inhibition zone of ～32?mm against bacillus bacteria suggesting their potential use as dental filler.