Effect of exchanging PbO with NiO on the structure and optical parameters action of some lanthanum borate oxide glasses

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - This work is an attempt to estimate the effect of the exchanging of PbO with NiO on the optical and structural parameters for some...     

Impact of graphite impurities on the structure and optical properties of the sodium borate oxide glass

For the carbon-based glass fabrication/manufacture process, different amounts of pure graphite powder were added up to 100 wt.% of sodium tetraborate oxide (the weight of one mole of the sodium tetraborate is 381.372 g/mol) and then melted at 950 °C for 2 h before fast quenching in the air at RT. The resulted solids were examined by the XRD and SEM techniques, which confirmed the amorphous natures for studied samples. FTIR spectroscopy showed that some C-atoms are shared in the glass network as C–O and CO₂. In contrast, the UV–Vis showed that the increase in the graphite contents/impurities causes a red shift in the value of the optical edge and the value of Fermi energy. Also, the increase of the graphite impurities causes a decrease in the bandgap values of both direct and indirect electronic transitions. Both the values of Urbach energy and the metallization indicated an increase in the crystallinity degree as the graphite content increase. A graphite-based glass is a promising material for wide-scale applications.

     

Effect of CdO addition on photon,electron, and neutron attenuation properties of boro-tellurite glasses

This research article aims to study the effect of CdO addition on the radiation shielding characteristics of boro-tellurite glasses in the composition of 50B₂O₃ - (50-x) TeO2- xCdO, where x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mol%. These glasses were exposed to gamma radiation and the transmitted gamma photons were evaluated for energies varying from 15 keV to 15 MeV using Geant4 simulation toolkit. The number of transmitted photons was then used to characterize the gamma shielding for the studied glasses in terms of linear/mass attenuation coefficients, MFP, Z_eff, and HVL. The simulation outcomes were theoretically confirmed by using Phy-X software. The beta (electron) shielding characterization of the involved glasses was also investigated by determining the projectile range and stopping power using ESTAR software. Additionally, the fast neutron shielding characterization of the glasses was achieved by evaluating removal cross-section (Σ_R). The results reveal that the CdO has a small influence on the shielding performance of the boro-tellurite glasses against gamma, beta, and neutron radiations. The shielding performance of the boro-tellurite glasses was compared with that of common shielding materials in terms of MFP. It can be concluded that the boro-tellurite glasses regardless of the concentration of CdO content have promising shielding performance to be used for radiation applications.     

Dynamic evolution control for synchronous buck DC–DC converter: Theory,model and simulation

This paper proposes a new control technique for synchronous buck DC–DC converter. Theory, design and implementation of the proposed control technique are provided. A new approach for converter controller synthesis based on dynamic evolution control theory is presented. In order to synthesize the converter controller, this method uses a simple analysis of nonlinear equation models of the converter. The synthesis process is simple and requires a quite low bandwidth for the controller. Therefore, this control method is suitable for digital control implementation. As an illustrative example, the synthesis of synchronous buck DC–DC converter controller is discussed in detail. The model of the synchronous buck DC–DC converter system was implemented using SimPowerSystems toolbox of MATLAB-SIMULINK. Performance of the proposed dynamic evolution control under step load change and step input voltage condition was investigated. Simulation results confirm that the proposed control method is superior to traditional PI based controller because of fast transient response and good disturbance rejection.     

轴质量对用液体油膜轴承支承转子动特性的影响

本文研究了轴质量对支承于液体油膜轴承上的转子的影响.转子假定是位于弹性轴中部的薄盘,它考虑非零弹性轴质量由液体油膜轴承支承.该径向轴承假定为短简易型,用纵向的和相互作用的刚度及阻尼系数表示,这些系数与系统的角速度有关.假定转于由一电机加速,假定电机速度由一两阶传递函数控制.仿真结果表示质量比的小值,它由轴质量对盘质量比...     

Evaluation of gamma ray buildup factor data in water with MCNP4C code

The exposure buildup factors for gamma and X-ray photons in water are computed using the MCNP4C code. The results are obtained for the energy range 0.04–6 MeV and penetration depths up to 10 mfp. The results are compared with the published buildup factor data during 1960–2010. Both agreements and discrepancies are observed between our results and the data appearing in the literature. It is concluded that at higher energies and deep penetration the existing data for photon buildup factor in water are still inadequate.     

Numerical Analysis of MHD Accelerator with Non-Equilibrium Air Plasma

Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) accelerator is proposed as a next generation propulsion system.It can be used to increase the performance of a propulsion system.The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of MHD accelerator using non-equilibrium air plasma as working gas.In this study,the fundamental performance of MHD accelerator such as flow performance and electrical performance is evaluated at different levels of applied magnetic field using 1-D numerical simulation.The numerical simulation is developed based on a set of differential equations with MHD approximation.To solve this set of differential equations the MacCormack scheme is used.A specified channel designed and developed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Centre is used in the numerical simulation.The composition of the simulated air plasma consists of seven species,namely,N2,N,O2,O,NO,NO+,and e-.The performance of the non-equilibrium MHD accelerator is also compared with the equilibrium MHD accelerator.     

Finite-Element Model Tuning of Global Modes of a Grandstand Structure Using Ambient Vibration Testing

This paper describes the experimental and analytical modal analysis of a full-scale cantilevered grandstand. A 3D finite-element model was successfully updated manually based on the global modes identified from ambient vibration measurements. The ambient vibration testing was effective in capturing the global modes of the large grandstand. A number of global vibration modes of the entire grandstand were reliably identified in the frequency range 0–3.1 Hz, in addition to modes in the same frequency range that engaged primarily the cantilever roof structure. Following a two-stage manual FE model updating process, the correlation between the experimental and analytical results showed good agreement, with physically meaningful updated parameters. It was clearly illustrated that both the roof system and the nonstructural elements contributed significantly to the stiffness and mass of the global modes. Useful and novel lessons are highlighted for efficient and reliable future finite-element modeling of global modes of similar grandstand structures.     

Genotypic analysis of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from raw milk and human cases in Wisconsin

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) compose a group of mycobacteria that do not belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex group. They are frequently isolated from environmental samples such as water, soil, and, to a lesser extent, food samples. Isolates of NTM represent a major health threat to humans worldwide, especially those who have asthma or are immunocompromised. Human disease is acquired from environmental exposures and through consumption of NTM-contaminated food. The most common clinical manifestation of NTM disease in human is lung disease, but lymphatic, skin and soft tissue, and disseminated disease are also important. The main objective of the current study was to profile the farm-level contamination of cow milk with NTM by examining milk filters and bulk tank milk samples. Five different NTM species were isolated in one dairy herd in Wisconsin, with confirmed 16S rRNA genotypes including Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium avium ssp. hominissuis, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium simiae, and Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis). In tank milk samples, M. fortuitum was the predominant species in 48% of the samples, whereas M. chelonae/abscessus and M. fortuitum were the only 2 species obtained from 77 and 23% of the examined filters, respectively. Surprisingly, M. avium ssp. hominissuis, M. paratuberculosis, and M. simiae were isolated from 16.7, 10.4, and 4% of the examined milk samples, respectively, but not from milk filters. Interestingly, NTM isolates from human clinical cases in Wisconsin clustered very closely with those from milk samples. These findings suggest that the problem of NTM contamination is underestimated in dairy herds and could contribute to human infections with NTM. Overall, the study validates the use of bulk tank samples rather than milk filters to assess contamination of milk with NTM. Nontuberculous mycobacteria represent one type of pathogens that extensively contaminate raw milk at the farm level. The significance of our research is in evaluating the existence of NTM at the farm level and identifying a simple approach to examine the potential milk contamination with NTM members using tank milk or milk filters from dairy operations. In addition, we attempted to examine the potential link between NTM isolates found in the farm to those circulating in humans in Wisconsin.     

Enhanced the optical,electrical, and shielding properties of some alkali-borate glasses doped with lanthanide cerium oxide,CeO2

Sodium borate glass doped with cerium oxide, 0–10 wt%, has been prepared based on the quenching method from the melting point. The XRD, DSC, FTIR, and UV–Vis are used to study the structure, thermal, optical properties and shielding attenuation of the studied materials. XRD analysis showed that the as-prepared samples are amorphous in nature. Increased CeO₂ content in the glassy matrix led to an increase in the glass stability, the dielectric constant value, as well as the optical transparency. The measured shielding parameters of the present study revealed that the glass system containing 10 wt% of CeO₂ exhibits the better photon shielding performance than the glass of 0 wt% CeO₂. Cerium-rich glass showed the highest resistance for both gamma-ray and the fast neutrons among all the present samples. The removal cross-sections varied from between 89?×?10^–3 cm^?1, for the cerium-free sample, and 97?×?10^–3 cm^?1 for cerium-rich sample. Such observation may nominated Ce-rich glass to be used in some shielding and attenuation applications, especially for gamma-ray and fast neutrons applications.