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1.
2.
Forrer P Binz HK Stumpp MT Plückthun A 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2004,5(2):183-189
Consensus design is a valuable protein-engineering method that is based on statistical information derived from sequence alignments of homologous proteins. Recently, consensus design was adapted to repeat proteins. We discuss the potential of this novel repeat-based approach for the design of consensus repeat proteins and repeat protein libraries and summarize recent results from such experiments. 相似文献
3.
Hiroaki Tsuchiya Jan M. Macak Andrei Ghicov Luciano Taveira Patrik Schmuki 《Corrosion Science》2005,47(12):3324-3335
The present work investigates the electrochemical formation of self-organized high aspect ratio TiO2 and ZrO2 nanotube layers. The formation and growth of a self-organized porous layer can be achieved directly by anodization without any templates in fluoride containing electrolytes. The morphology of the porous layers is affected by the electrochemical conditions such as the electrolyte composition, the pH and the exact polarization treatment (such as the potential sweep rate from the open-circuit potential to the anodizing potential). For Ti, nanotube layers are formed with diameters varying from approx. 20 nm to 100 nm and lengths from approx. 0.25 μm to 2.5 μm depending on the electrolytes and pH. On the other hand, for Zr, tubes of 50 nm in diameter and up to approx. 17 μm in length can be grown—a key parameter in this case is the potential sweep rate. The large difference between Ti and Zr in the achievable thickness of nanotube layers indicates a difference in the growth mechanism which may be based on the different chemical dissolution rates of electrochemically formed oxides. 相似文献
4.
Alfonso E. Gerevini Patrik Haslum Derek Long Alessandro Saetti Yannis Dimopoulos 《Artificial Intelligence》2009,173(5-6):619-668
The international planning competition (IPC) is an important driver for planning research. The general goals of the IPC include pushing the state of the art in planning technology by posing new scientific challenges, encouraging direct comparison of planning systems and techniques, developing and improving a common planning domain definition language, and designing new planning domains and problems for the research community. This paper focuses on the deterministic part of the fifth international planning competition (IPC5), presenting the language and benchmark domains that we developed for the competition, as well as a detailed experimental evaluation of the deterministic planners that entered IPC5, which helps to understand the state of the art in the field.We present an extension of pddl, called pddl3, allowing the user to express strong and soft constraints about the structure of the desired plans, as well as strong and soft problem goals. We discuss the expressive power of the new language focusing on the restricted version that was used in IPC5, for which we give some basic results about its compilability into pddl2. Moreover, we study the relative performance of the IPC5 planners in terms of solved problems, CPU time, and plan quality; we analyse their behaviour with respect to the winners of the previous competition; and we evaluate them in terms of their capability of dealing with soft goals and constraints, and of finding good quality plans in general. Overall, the results indicate significant progress in the field, but they also reveal that some important issues remain open and require further research, such as dealing with strong constraints and computing high quality plans in metric-time domains and domains involving soft goals or constraints. 相似文献
5.
Asunción Vicente M Hoyer PO Hyvärinen A 《IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence》2007,29(5):896-900
Recently, a number of empirical studies have compared the performance of PCA and ICA as feature extraction methods in appearance-based object recognition systems, with mixed and seemingly contradictory results. In this paper, we briefly describe the connection between the two methods and argue that whitened PCA may yield identical results to ICA in some cases. Furthermore, we describe the specific situations in which ICA might significantly improve on PCA 相似文献
6.
n-type GaP(100) was anodized in H2SO4, HF, HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3 and H3PO4 in order to obtain porous structures. Remarkable differences in the morphology were found when anodisation was carried out
under comparable electrochemical conditions. Etching in HF led to a statistically porous structure, but no evidence for higher
ordering was obtained. Etching in HCl solutions caused a localized attack of the surface leading to porous insular areas.
In HBr highly defined rectangular pores grow perpendicular to the (100)-surface forming several μm thick well defined porous
layers. In HI pores are aligned parallel to equipotential lines along defects. Pore formation in H3PO4 and HNO3 can lead to highly complex ordered structures. Clearly the work shows that the formation of porous n-GaP is strongly dependent on the anion present in the electrolyte. 相似文献
7.
The initiation and growth of porous oxide on Ta was investigated in mixed H2SO4/HF electrolytes. Under selected potentiodynamic anodic oxidation conditions the formation of nearly uniform porous Ta2O5 layer was observed. The porous Ta2O5 layers consist of self-organized pore arrays with single pore diameters ranging from 2 to 10 nm. The morphology and the thickness
of the layer depend strongly on the applied potential, the scan rate and on HF presence. The composition of the porous oxide
layer is Ta2O5. 相似文献
8.
Format dependence implies that assessment of the same subjective probability distribution produces different conclusions about over- or underconfidence depending on the assessment format. In 2 experiments, the authors demonstrate that the overconfidence bias that occurs when participants produce intervals for an uncertain quantity is almost abolished when they evaluate the probability that the same intervals include the quantity. The authors successfully apply a method for adaptive adjustment of probability intervals as a debiasing tool and discuss a tentative explanation in terms of a naive sampling model. According to this view, people report their experiences accurately, but they are naive in that they treat both sample proportion and sample dispersion as unbiased estimators, yielding small bias in probability evaluation but strong bias in interval production. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
9.
Olurotimi Richard Akinlofa Patrik O'Brian Holt Eyad Elyan 《International journal of human-computer interaction》2014,30(3):250-265
Cognitive computational modeling is a viable methodology for further investigation of the hitherto inconclusive findings on the cognitive benefits of dynamic versus static visualization components of instructions. This is more so as contemporary cognitive architectures such as the Adaptive Control of Thought–Rational (ACT–R) 6.0 are increasingly applied to traditional cognitive psychology research problems. The application of this methodology is, however, restricted by the limited capability of existing architectures for implementing detailed atomic motor actions such as those involved in complex skill acquisition and performance. This article presents a 2-component computational modeling methodology for investigating the cognitive processes involved in the acquisition and performance of skilled motor tasks. The approach specifies a novel combination of a sequence-of-point technique with a movement control mechanism to implement variously acquired cognitive mental task representations and their intertwined role in postlearning performance as evident in the atomic control of motor actions. This paradigm is validated for 2 experiments using incrementally developed cognitive models developed in ACT–R 6.0. The model's quantitative outputs correlate significantly with equivalent empirical human data. This has implications for multimedia instructional design, especially where rapid, transferrable skill acquisition is desired on initial exposure. 相似文献
10.
Patrik U. Andersson Leif Holmlid Stephan Fuelling 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2012,25(4):873-882
Ultra-dense deuterium D(?1) is expected to be both a superfluid and a superconductor as shown by recent theoretical research. Condensed D(?1) can be deposited on surfaces by a source which produces a stream of clusters. A magnetic field strongly influences the type of material formed. Very little of D(?1) and of the form D(1), which is strongly coupled to D(?1), exists on the magnet surface or within several mm from the magnet surface. Even the formation of D(?1) on the source emitter is strongly influenced by a magnetic field, with a critical field strength in the range 0.03?C0.07 T. Higher excitation levels D(2) and D(3) dominate in a magnetic field. The excitation level D(2) is now observed for the first time. The removal of D(?1) and D(1) in strong magnetic fields is proposed to be due to a Meissner effect in long D(?1) clusters by large-orbit electron motion. The lifting of long D(?1) clusters above the magnet surface is slightly larger than expected, possibly due to the coupling to D(1). The previously reported oscillation between D(?1) and D(1) in an electric field is proposed to be due to destruction of D(?1). 相似文献