Isolation and Characterization of the Starch from Four-O'Clock Flower (Mirabilis Jalapa L.) Seed

Starch was isolated from four-o'clock flower (Mirabilis jalapa L.) seed by an alkaline process and selected physicochemical properties was determined. The nearly spherical starch granules were approximately 1.5–3.0 μm in diameter. The starch had a pasting temperature of 72.5°C, and an iodine affinity of 3.6%. The Bra-bender viscoamylogram and the swelling pattern indicated the starch underwent restricted swelling. The starch contained only trace amounts of phosphate. Solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide was low, but after being treated with bacterial alpha-amylase, the solubility was high. The degree of syneresis of the pasted starch during storage was high and freeze-thaw stability was low. The properties of this isolated small-granule starch differed from other such starches reported in the literature.     

Preparation of Rapeseed Protein Isolate by Sodium Hexametaphosphate Extraction, Ultrafiltration, Diafiltration, and Ion-Exchange

A novel processing scheme for the production of rapeseed protein isolate was developed which includes extraction using aqueous sodium hexametaphosphate solution followed by activated-carbon treatment, ultrafiltration, diafiltration, and purification by ion-exchange. Aqueous sodium hexametaphosphate is an effective extraction agent for rape-seed proteins. The activated-carbon treatment removes glucosinolate hydrolysis products and color compounds. The membrane treatments reduce the concentration of soluble low-molecular-weight components to low levels. An anion exchange resin was used in the last step to remove phytate and residual hexametaphosphate. The process resulted in a protein isolate containing about 90% protein. Sixty-three per cent of the nitrogen in the meal was recovered as an isolate free of glucosinolates, low in phytates and fiber, light in color, and bland in taste.     

Polymers Decrease Cleaning Time of an Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouled with Pectin

An ultrafiltration system fouled by pectin solutions was used as a model system. The fouled membrane flux was fully restored by circulating 0.5% NaOH solution for 1 hr. By adding 0.003% polyethylene oxide) in 0.5% NaOH solution, the cleaning time required to fully recover flux of the fouled membrane was reduced to 2 min. The mechanism of improving cleaning efficiency may not be wholly attributed to the scouring effect of the polymer on the membrane surface. The cleaning and rinsing results suggest that polymers in cleaning solutions convert the pectin foulant into a foulant-polymer complex which could be readily rinsed from the membrane surface by water.     

Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Comparison for Apple Juice Clarification

Unpasteurized raw apple juice processed by microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF) was evaluated for quality and the methods compared for process efficiency. Juice permeate was analyzed for total solids, soluble solids, color, turbidity, pH and acidity. Apple juice processed by MF was significantly (p < 0.05) darker, more turbid, contained higher total and soluble solids than juice processed with UF, and was preferred by a taste panel. MF processed more permeate per unit time than UF under similar operating conditions with no noticeable difference in power consumption (watt-hr/L).     

基于翻转课堂教学模式的“图文组版技术”课程教学设计

在新媒体冲击下,培养融合传统纸媒体、电子媒体与网络媒体的全媒体化复合型人才已经成为印刷教育突围困境的方向之一,而如何借助先进的教学模式与方法提高教学效率和效果是每个印刷教育工作者需要不断思考的重要问题。本研究综述了翻转课堂教学模式及其在欧美、两岸的研究应用进展,并针对引入翻转课堂教学模式后"图文组版技术"课程的教学内容优化与重构、教学视频内容设计等前期核心问题进行了深入探讨,以期为翻转课堂的教学实践做好前期准备。     

Production of Canola Protein Materials by Alkaline Extraction, Precipitation, and Membrane Processing

A process designed for the characteristics of rapeseed and canola proteins was developed, consisting of extraction of oil-free meal at pH 10.5–12.5, isoelectric precipitation to recover proteins and ultrafiltration followed by diafiltration to concentrate and purify the remaining acid-soluble proteins. These steps complement one another to yield three products with excellent protein recovery. Isoelectric and soluble protein isolates containing 87–104% protein (N × 6.25) and a meal residue were obtained from canola meal. All five types of fractions were free of glucosinolates. The two isolates were low in phytate, light in color, and bland in taste. The isolate yield depended on the starting meal. The process is simple and has good potential for commercial application.     

DON’T THINK JUST SHOOT

多重曝光最吸引LOMO人的地方就是它具有一种让视觉错乱的美感!多重曝光有几种方式,每个人习惯用的都不太一样,我认为能够自己上手是最重要的。而我的多重曝光几乎都是用LC-A完成,其实也没有任何的特别技巧,我的方式是把菲林先拍过一次,然后回卷再拍第二次或第三次,第一次拍摄时我会在菲林上做记号,目的在于能让多重曝光更精准。而在有些情况下,我会把已经拍过一次的菲林放了好多天后再拿出来拍摄,让多重曝光的菲林有时间、地点上的差异,因为绝对不知道自己拍过些什么景物,这种差异感说穿了是靠着运气!菲林每一影格的影像都代表着自己所看见的故事与惊喜。