乙二胺对铸铁文物在脱氯溶液中的缓蚀作用

研究了模拟铸铁文物在加入乙二胺的2%NaOH脱氯溶液中的化学和电化学脱氯效果,用红外光谱(IR)和紫外光谱(UV)测试了采用加入乙二胺的碱性溶液处理后试片表面的成分,用动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗(EIS)技术研究了其耐腐蚀性能.结果表明,试片在该碱性脱氯溶液中化学和电化学脱氯速度和脱氯效果比传统的碱溶液脱氯方法有明显的提高;处理后的试片表面形成一层配合物膜,该表面膜明显提高了铁器的耐腐蚀性能.     

含Cu耐候钢中稀土对耐蚀性的影响研究

利用周期浸润加速腐蚀试验方法对10PCuRE和10PCu耐候钢进行了腐蚀试验.通过X射线衍射分析、电子探针和扫描电镜等手段对两种钢的表面锈层性能进行了研究,得到了10PCuRE钢致密锈层的种类、形成过程以及保护机理.通过对加稀土与未加稀土的耐候钢表面锈层的对比研究,可知10PCuRE钢的表面锈层比10PCu耐候钢的锈层要均匀致密,保护性能更好.稀土耐候钢的锈层分为两层,包括外锈层和均匀致密的内锈层,内锈层的组成相中超过80%为保护性的α-FeOOH.稀土促进了合金元素Cu在内锈层的富集,有利于保护性内锈层的生成,因而提高了钢基体的耐蚀性能.     

Cu-P-RE耐候钢的耐蚀性能

通过干湿周浸加速腐蚀实验研究了不同稀土含量的耐候钢和对比普碳钢的腐蚀行为及其耐蚀性能.采用失重法测得了各试样的腐蚀率;结果发现,稀土耐候钢的腐蚀率远远低于普碳钢的,不同稀土含量的耐候钢的耐腐蚀性不尽相同.采用电化学交流阻抗技术对带锈钢样的表面锈层结构及电化学反应过程进行了研究,提出在本实验条件下钢电化学腐蚀的等效电路模型,计算出锈层电阻、极化阻抗等表征锈层性能的电化学元件参数值.稀土耐候钢锈层中存在半无限扩散和有限厚度扩散两种过程,有限厚度扩散极化阻抗反映了耐候钢内锈层的保护性能.     

稀土耐候钢中的夹杂物及耐点蚀性能研究

利用电子探针、扫描电镜及能谱仪、图像分析仪对含稀土和不含稀土耐候钢中夹杂物的成分、形貌、尺寸等进行了研究。钢中加入稀土后,小球状的稀土硫化物和稀土氧硫化物夹杂取代了钢中原有的有害的长条硫化锰夹杂。对于低硫低氧(S:～0.004%,O:～0.002%)的耐候钢,0.0065%～0.016%的稀土含量保证了钢中夹杂物的良好变质效果,变质后的夹杂弥散分布而且85%以上的稀土夹杂物都小于2μm。通过干湿周期浸润实验室加速腐蚀试验研究了Cu-P-RE耐候钢和对比Q235钢的耐蚀性能。通过电化学极化试验和扫描电镜分析研究了稀土耐候钢中的夹杂物诱发点蚀行为。结果表明,微米级弥散分布的稀土夹杂取代了易腐蚀的长条硫化锰夹杂,减弱了钢中的微区域电化学腐蚀,从而抑制了钢中点腐蚀的发生和扩展。并可以诱发耐候钢表面发生均匀的全面腐蚀,促进均匀致密保护性锈层的生成。Cu-P耐候钢中加入适量稀土提高了钢的点蚀电位和耐点蚀能力,降低了耐候钢的腐蚀速率,提高了其耐蚀能力。     

10PCuRE钢的耐大气腐蚀性及耐蚀机理

通过周期性浸润腐蚀试验对实验室冶炼的加稀土和未加稀土的Cu-P系耐候钢和A3钢进行了腐蚀性能的测定,结果表明:加稀土和未加稀土的Cu-P系耐候钢的耐蚀性均远远好于A3钢的耐蚀性,而加稀土的耐候钢比不加稀土的耐候钢的耐腐蚀性更好.通过极化试验、扫描电镜及能谱仪和X射线衍射仪等分析测试手段,对稀土耐候钢的耐蚀机理进行了研究,发现稀土通过使钢中的夹杂物变质使钢的耐蚀性提高,在腐蚀过程中稀土的存在有利于稳定的腐蚀产物α-FeOOH的形成,使耐蚀锈层更加均匀致密,因此提高了钢的耐蚀性.     

机械工程材料优选方法的研究现状

在综述现代机械工程材料选择方法最新研究进展的基础上,通过列举现代选材方法在工程中的具体应用实例,概述了选择工程材料时应考虑的因素,并对不同选材方法及其特点进行综合评价和优化.提出采用构件的失效抗力指标进行选材的方法,变革选材的传统习惯,使选材向科学化和量值化转变,具有重要的实用价值.此外,结合建立机械工程材料共享数据库平台和专家咨询系统的研究实践,指明材料数据库及专家咨询系统在选材方面的作用和效益,可为用户快速、全面地查找材料信息提供帮助.     

稀土元素在高强韧钢中的作用及应用前景

深入分析了稀土在钢中的作用机理,阐明了稀土是钢的一种有效的深度净化和变质剂,固溶稀土的存在强烈影响微结构,可控制局域弱化,降低微结构的能态,有效抑制钢中有害元素和脆性相偏聚所造成的脆性断裂,稀土可望成为发展21世纪高强韧钢,提高高强钢韧性的重要元素。     

Glass Forming Ability and Crystallization Kinetics of Cu-Zr-Al-(Y,Ag) Amorphous Alloy

Cu-Zr-Al-(Y, Ag) amorphous alloy ribbons of Cu_(50)Zr_(42)Al_8, Cu_(46)Zr_(47-x)Al_7Y_x(x=2, 5), Cu_(43)Zr_(42)Al_8Ag_7, and Cu_(43)Zr_(42)Al_8Ag_5Y_2 were prepared using the single roller melt-spinning method. The glass forming ability and non-isothermal crystallization behavior of the amorphous alloys were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) in a continuous heating mode. The experimental results show that the glass forming ability and thermal stability of Cu-Zr-Al amorphous alloys are improved by adding minor amounts of Y and Ag, and the effect of Ag on the glass forming ability is more significant than that of Y. Compared to the Cu_(50)Zr_(42)Al_8 alloy, the width of the supercooled liquid region of the Cu_(46)Zr_(47-x)Al_7Y_x(x =2 and 5) alloys increased by 19 K and 30 K, respectively. The reduced glass transition temperature(Trg) and the parameter γ of the two alloys enhanced separately. Compared to the Cu_(50)Zr_(42)Al_8 alloy, the Trg and γ values of both Cu_(43)Zr_(42)Al_8Ag_7 and Cu_(43)Zr_(42)Al_8Ag_5Y_2 alloys enhanced noticeably up to 0.619, 0.417, and 0.609, 0.412, respectively. The crystallization activation energies of the amorphous alloys calculated by the Kissinger and Flynn Wall Ozawa equations increased with the addition of minor Y and Ag into the Cu_(50)Zr_(42)Al_8 alloy. The addition of Y and Ag significantly improved the thermal stability of the Cu_(50)Zr_(42)Al_8 amorphous alloy.     

Effects of selenium and vitamin E deficiencies on level of leukotriene C4

A reduction in the glutatihion peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity of the blood and myocardium accompanied with an increase in the leukotriene C4(LTC4),free radicals and lipid peroxides(LPO) concentrations of the plasma and myocardium are found in Wistar rats fed with the low selenium(Se) and vitamin E(VE) grains from a Keshan disease(KD) endemic area for 11 weeks.The concentrations of LTC4,free radical and LPO were decreased in these rats and the GSH-Px activity is strengthened except the group supplemented with VE alone.Theses results suggest that the dietary deficiencies of Se and VE might take part in the occurrence and devepopment process of myocardial damage in KD and other ischemic and anoxic cardiomyopathy by affecting the activity of lipoxygenase in arachidonic acid metabolism and by cardiomyopathy by affecting the activity of lipoxygenased in arachidonic acid metabolism and by accelerating the synthesis of LTC4 owing to excessive free radicals and LPO.