快速加热回火过程中9Ni钢组织的演化

采用淬火膨胀仪模拟了9Ni钢的快速加热回火工艺,并结合显微组织观察、淬火后残留奥氏体含量的计算以及回火过程中热膨胀曲线的分析,研究了9Ni钢快速加热回火过程中组织的演变行为。结果表明:淬火终冷温度略高于M_f点时,淬火组织中存在少量的残留奥氏体,经快速加热后能够促进回火过程中逆转变奥氏体的生成;但当终冷温度过高时,残留奥氏体量大幅增加,反而会抑制逆转变奥氏体的形成;快速加热有利于马氏体的逆转变及碳原子在奥氏体中的富集,但这两种机制存在竞争关系,快速加热回火后组织中的奥氏体较少时,碳原子的富集会使其稳定性上升,反之则导致碳原子在奥氏体中的富集程度减弱,稳定性变差。     

超低碳微合金钢中硼的偏聚

用硼径迹显微照相技术研究了超低碳微合金钢从1150℃以5℃/s冷却到850℃过程中硼晶界偏聚的形成与发展过程,测量了不同温度时硼富集因子与贫化区宽度,分析了铜元素对硼晶界偏聚的影响.结果表明:在冷却初始阶段,晶界硼偏聚量迅速增加,在1000℃左右达到最大值后,随着温度的降低,硼晶界偏聚量开始逐渐减少,在910℃左右达到最小,温度继续降低,晶界上硼的偏聚量又开始增加.实验结果还表明添加铜元素能促进硼向晶界的偏聚.     

快速加热过程中Fe-40Ni-Ti合金的晶粒长大行为

利用热模拟技术、金相观察及定量统计,通过分析Fe-40Ni-Ti合金快速升温过程中试样不同部位的晶粒长大规律,模拟研究了焊接过程中奥氏体晶粒的长大行为.结果表明:温度最高的中心线附近晶粒长大显著,5 s内温度达到1350℃时,其尺寸达到了180 μm;而距离中心线4 mm处的热影响区及母材(试样端部)晶粒变化不大,在80 μm左右.金相观察发现TiN颗粒对晶界迁移产生了明显的阻碍作用.     

低碳钢中微细非平衡组织的热稳定性

研究了同一成分的钢经过弛豫-析出控制相变RPC和再加热淬火RQ两种工艺处理后在500到700℃同火过程中组织与性能的演变.经过RPC处理后的钢板随回火温度的升高硬度降低不明显.在600到650℃温度回火时硬度还有所回升:经过RQ处理后的钢板同火前硬度虽然较低,但软化速度非常快.回火前两种钢板组织均为贝氏体和马氏体的复合组织,经RPC处理后的钢板随回火温度的提高组织没有明显变化,只是一些板条出现合并现象,而经过RQ处理后的钢板随回火温度的升高板条很快消失最终演变成多边形铁素体,硬度也随之大幅度下降.以上结果表明微细非平衡组织的热稳定性与其热历史密切相关.     

多元微合金钢中的应变诱导复合析出

采用透射电子显微镜结合纳米束能谱技术,研究了含Nb,Ti,Mo等多种微合金元素的超低碳贝氏体钢在奥氏体非冉结晶区终轧后弛豫阶段的应变诱导析出行为.实验结果表明:经30%预变形后,在850℃和900℃等温弛豫时,钢中析出开始主要有纯Nb及Nb-Ti复合的两类,以后者为主.随弛豫时间延长,纯Nb型析出物消失,复合夹杂中铌钛比增加.弛豫阶段后期,Mo会以置换原子形式进入(Ti,Nb)(C,N)的面心立方晶格中,其量随弛豫时间的延长而增加.析出物形状以不规则外形为主,其密度及平均尺寸与变形温度和弛豫时间密切相关.     

三种不同产地锆英砂的特征分析

利用震筛机、光学显微技术、激光粒度分析仪等实验手段,对两种进口及一种国产的锆英砂进行了粒度分析和形貌观察。结果表明:进口的锆英砂粒径分布集中,国产砂的粒径分布较宽,粒度曲线为正态分布。堆积密度随着锆英砂粒径的减小而下降。锆英砂呈鹅卵石、椭球和极少量的不规则形状。     

微合金元素Nb,Mo在应变诱导析出过程中的相互作用

运用热模拟技术和透射电子显微镜,研究了C-Mo、C-Ti-Mo和C-Nb-Mo三种简单成分钢奥氏体变形后松弛过程中微合金元素Nb、Mo在析出物中的相瓦作用.结果表明:在850℃变形后松弛1000 s.三种钢均保持了奥氏体状态,但C-Ti-Mo和C-Nb-Mo钢有析出发生,能谱分析显示析出颗粒分别是Ti(C,N)和含Mo的Nb(C,N).微合金元素Mo与Nb有较强的相互作用,在Nb(C,N)析出后,Mo可能溶入Nb(C,N)的析出颗粒之中.     

铌、钛碳氮化物在微合金钢中的回溶及析出行为

简述了钢中主要添加微合金元素Nb和Ti在钢坯加热过程中的回溶过程。阐明了钢板在轧制各阶段析出相的类型、晶体结构、分布规律,特别是应变诱导析出与再结晶的关系,同时,分析了时效硬化行为。讨论了微合金元素的选择及节约利用问题。     

Influence of RPC Parameters on the Precipitation of Nb in Microalloyed Steel

Thermo-simulation test, metallographic analysis, measurement of hardness, TEM(including diffraction contrast technique and nano-beam anylasis)along with calculating software of Metlab, etc. were used to study the influence of RPC parameters(relaxation time, aging time)on the precipitation of Nb in microalloyed steel. Following work was undertaken in this study:Strain-induced precipitation in Nb-bearing multi-microalloyed steel was monitered and analyzed. The interaction between dislocation evolution and precipitates in deformed austenite was directly observed(an Fe-Ni-Nb alloy was employed to simulate austenite in steel). The(a low carbon microalloyed steel only by Nb was adopted)effect of relaxation of deformed austenite on aging behavior occurring in bainite was investigated. Finally, the thermal stability and variation of composition of carbonitride precipitates during dissolving process in Nb-Ti microalloyed steel were alsodetected. These results indicate:(1)During the stress relaxation, the process of precipitation happened in deformed austenite of multi-microalloyed steel can be divided into three stages, i. e. nucleation, growth and coarsening. In the final stage of relaxation, Mo atoms would enter the lattice of(Nb,Ti)(C,N)precipitates and its concentration in the precipitates increases with the relaxation time.(2)In the earlier stage of relaxation, the dislocations in deformed austenite demonstrate twisted and distribute randomly. The precipitates have the tendency to occur along those dispersed dislocations. The dilocation cells would form gradually with the relaxing time prolonged and would become more stable by the subsequent precipitates formed on them in the later relaxation period. The paralleled dislocations in dislocation cells exhibit the same Burgers vector. The dislocations get rid of pinning by the bypassing mechanism.(3)When the samples are reheated to hold isothermally at 525℃,which are relaxed for different time in deformed austenite followed by accelerated cooling, their microstructures evolve very slowly with the aging time but two hardness peaks can be found one each hardness-time curves. The position of hardness peaks nearly raimains unchanged while their height varies obviously with the relaxation time. In no relaxtion samples, only one hardness peak could be observed. During the process of aging at 525℃, The growth and coarsening of as-existed strain-induced precipitates formed in deformed austenite contribute to formation of the first hardness peaks. While the second hardness peaks result from the further precipitates which nucleate in a phase after γ→α transformation(after aging for about 10 hours).(4)It was found that the precipitates formed during solidification are monophase(Ti,Nb)(C.N)rather than TiN enclosed with NbC. With addition of Ti to the steel, the thermal stability of the carbonitrides would enhance remarkably.     

X120管线钢中第二相回溶及其对奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

采用电解、萃取复型、透射电镜以及能谱分析等方法研究了不同温度等温过程中X120管线钢中第二相粒子的回溶规律,并测定了相应条件下的奥氏体晶粒尺寸。结果表明：在锻态组织中存在两种类型的碳氮化物。一类是在凝固过程中形成的粗大富Ti颗粒;另一类是在变形过程中形变诱导析出产生的富Nb第二相粒子,其尺寸更加细小,此类粒子经1000 ℃保温60 min后消失。1000~1220 ℃保温过程中含Nb和Mo的碳氮化物发生回溶,导致奥氏体晶粒快速长大,但此时未回溶的碳氮化Nb、Ti粒子仍阻碍晶界的迁移。当再加热温度达到1270 ℃并保温120 min后,只有极少量的含Nb的TiN颗粒能够保持稳定,故第二相粒子的钉扎作用明显减弱,使得奥氏体晶粒异常长大。